Csd 212 Exam 2 Syracuse University Updated Questions And Correct Answers

CSD 212 EXAM 2 SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Nurture Behav-iorist
Answer:
-Believe that we acquire language because of our environment and what we are exposed to -Language
is learned through a series of events (something we do, not something we have) -where our
communication comes from -what we can see and measure

Question:
2. Operant behav-ior
Answer:
any observable behavior that is influenced by its consequence -reinforced -punished -ignored
-explains how children come to understand language

Question:
3. Nature (Nativist)
Answer:
-How we acquire our language -Our brain has the ability to acquire language and we're going to do it
no matter what we're exposed to -Language is human specific -innate desire to communicate
-attempts to explain how children learn language in similar ways no matter what their parents do, or
the language/culture of the child

Question:
4. Language Ac-tivist Device (LAD)
Answer:
-Innate language reservoir that is located in a specific area of the brain -Filled with rules of language
-Child's job: to discover the rules -Birds have wings, we have LAD

Question:
5. Criticisms of Nur-ture
Answer:
-Difficulty explaining the generative aspect of language -Doesn't explain disorders -Why are humans
so adept?

Question:
6. Criticisms/sup-port of Nature
Answer:
-Difficult to apply clinically -Only explains form of language: not semantics or pragmatics -Have not
been able to locate the LAD

Question:
7. Speech
Answer:
The oral expression of language

,Question:
8. Paralinguistic
Answer:
-The non-verbal elements of language -Pitch -Volume -Intonation

Question:
9. Metalinguistic
Answer:
-The ability to think about your language (do purposeful things with your lan-guage)

Question:
10. Nonlinguistic
Answer:
Expressions or non-vocal use of gestures

Question:
11. Receptive lan-guage
Answer:
-Understanding comprehension; receiving language; what you understand -In a young child, their
receptive language is much broader than their expressive language -Much better ability to understand
what's coming in than to express it outward (e.g., listening, reading a book, watching a person sign)

Question:
12. Expressive lan-guage
Answer:
-What language you can produce -Producing language to send a message (e.g., talking, writing,
signing)

Question:
13. Productivity
Answer:
-The ability to produce sentences that were never said before but can make sense ("The snake's
intelligent siblings lack the ability to ambulate in an erect fashion.")

Question:
14. Semanticity
Answer:
-Word meanings; express ideas/concepts -Words stand for something specific (A 4 month old baby
cries, but cannot specifically express specific concepts such as hungry/thirsty/tired so the baby is not
using language at this point)

Question:
15. Displacement
Answer:
-Our ability to talk about things that are not in front of our face (A dog cannot express, "I saw a
burglar with a gun outside." Thus, the dog's bark is not language because he cannot tell about
anything specific that is not present.)

, Question:
16. Object perma-nence
Answer:
A developmental milestone that speech pathologists look for in children; the child has the ability to
know that things exist when they can't be seen

Question:
17. Species Specific
Answer:
-Animal communication generally does not meet the criteria for "language" -Language is unique to
the human species

Question:
18. Semantics
Answer:
Meaning of language; linguistic representation of objects, ideas, feelings, and events; also the
relations between these phenomena

Question:
19. Referential se-mantics
Answer:
-the words in our language/vocabulary (mental dictionary) -knowing the word for a
concept/action/thing

Question:
20. Lexicon
Answer:
Your own personal mental dictionary/vocabulary of words

Question:
21. Relational se-mantics
Answer:
How words are related/words that go together -Ex: "throw ball" = action + object

Question:
22. Phonology
Answer:
-The study of those individual speech sounds of your language -Rules governing the sound system of
the language -Combining phonemes to make words

Question:
23. Phonemes
Answer:
Speech sounds that mark a contrast in meaning

Question:
24. Phonological dis-order