Hhp 2400 Fundamentals Of Human Physiology Ch. 1-6 Updated Questions And Correct Answers

HHP 2400 FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
CH. 1-6 UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Describe the Scientific Method
Answer:
- a reasoning for how the world works
- objective approach to conducting experi-
ments
- limits bias
- replicated many times to create a THEORY

Question:
2. Define homeostasis
Answer:
- regulating the body's natural setpoints
- failure to do this leads to sickness and death
- regulated by pathways

Question:
3. What are the pathways
Answer:
1. Sensor- detects the deviation from a set-
point
2. Integrating center- controls the activity of
the EFFECTOR based on input from sensor
3. Effector- makes adjustments to counter the
change, often in a feedback loop

Question:
4. Identify components of negative feed-back loops
Answer:
- change in a condition that leads to a re-
sponse that counters the change -common physiological response
- regulates around a setpoint

Question:
5. Describe positive feedback and provide examples
Answer:
- change in condition that leads to response
which AMPLIFIES the change
- the output from the effector is increased as
the condition pushes further

Question:
6. Describe the term "Antagonistic Effec-tors"

, Answer:
- the opposing effectors that maintain home-
ostasis
- creates dynamic constancy through fluctua-
tion
- ex: when cold you shiver, when hot you sweat

Question:
7. Intrinsic
Answer:
- cells WITHIN an organism sense a change
- neighboring cells receive signals and re-
spond

Question:
8. Extrinsic
Answer:
- outside of the organ
- ex: endocrine, nervous system

Question:
9. Describe the hierarchical organization of the human body
Answer:
1. cell- basic unit of structure and function of
all living things
2. tissue- a group of similar cells that perform
a similar function
3. organ- group of two tissues or more
4. organ system- a group of organs that work
together to perform related functions 5 organism- systems working together in co-ordination

Question:
10. Distinguish the four primary tissue types
Answer:
1. muscle tissue
2. nervous tissue
3. epithelial tissue
4. connective tissue

Question:
11. Describe muscle tissue
Answer:
- made for contraction
- types: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac

Question:
12. Describe nervous tissue

, Answer:
- a communication network that receives and
transmits information
- types: neurons, neuroglia

Question:
13. Describe epithelial tissue
Answer:
- covers body surfaces, lines organs, and
tracts
- absorbs and excretes materials
- barrier, protection, exocrine glands

Question:
14. Describe connective tissue
Answer:
- connection, structure, support, transporta-
tion
- large amount of EXTRACELLULAR matrix (out-
side)

Question:
15. Describe an organ system and provide an example
Answer:
- a group of organs that perform related func-
tions and interact to achieve a goal
- digestive system: works together to process
nutrients

Question:
16. Describe the different types of stem cells
Answer:
-totipotent: can become ANYTHING -pluripotent: can become anything but a pla-centa -multipotent:
adult stem cells; maintain and repair tissue

Question:
17. Describe the body fluid compartments
Answer:
- intracellular: area inside the cells
- extracellular: area outside the cells; plasma
and interstitial fluid -fluids are separated by membranes

Question:
18. Describe the structure of an atom and it's components
Answer:
- an atom is the smallest unit of an element
- it is made up of three subatomic particles;
protons, neutrons, and electrons