BIO 253 FINAL EXAM EXPECTED QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Question 1.
Organelles are
ANSWER
Question 2.
Organs of the Urinary system
ANSWER
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Question 3.
draw and label a kidney with the following terms: Cortex, Medulla, Pelvis, renal artery, renal
vein, ureter, nephron
ANSWER
Question 4.
functional unit of the kidney
ANSWER
nephron 1 million per kidney!
Question 5.
What parts make up the nephron?
ANSWER
Renal corpuscle Renal tubule Glomerulus (capillaries that filter the blood plasma) Bowman's capsule
(surrounds the glomerulus) Efferent arteriole loop of henle
Question 6.
What is the glomerulus made of?
ANSWER
capillaries
1
,Question 7.
Function of a nephron
ANSWER
filter blood and produce urine
Question 8.
Two nephron types
ANSWER
juxtamedullary and cortical
Question 9.
juxtamedullary nephrons
ANSWER
-Long nephron loops deeply invade medulla -Ascending limbs have thick and thin segments
-Important in production of concentrated urine -found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla
Question 10.
cortical nephrons
ANSWER
-85% of all nephrons -short nephron loops -efferent arterioles branch into peritubular capillaries
around PCT and DCT
Question 11.
How is urine made in the kidney?
ANSWER
1.)Reabsorption - moving substances with tubule into the blood. 2.)filtration - occurs in the
glomerulus or renal corpuscle 3.)secretion 4.)filtration
Question 12.
driving force for filtration
ANSWER
hydrostatic pressure or BP
Question 13.
What fluid comes out of the glomerulus?
ANSWER
filtrate
2
, Question 14.
What is filtrate?
ANSWER
mostly water, electrolytes, nutrients, and waste products. Glucose is normal in filtrate. -similar to
blood plasma
Question 15.
Reabsorption in the Nephron Loop
ANSWER
Only water is absorbed in the descending limb. Na+ chloride is absorbed in the ascending limb (no
water).
Question 16.
Status of water coming out of nephron loop?
ANSWER
@ Lowest concentration (diluted)
Question 17.
Process taking place in nephron loop?
ANSWER
Countercurrent mechanism (dilutes the urine). Can also create concentrated urine from the Na+
absorbed in the ascending limb.
Question 18.
tubular secretion function
ANSWER
-selectively moves substances from blood to filtrate in renal tubules and collecting ducts -From blood
to tubular -Usually in the distal tubule -K+, H+, Uric acid, Penicillin are secreted ADH Aldosterone ANH
indirectly :
Renin (created by kidney) Angiotensin
Question 19.
Aldosterone function
ANSWER
-decreases sodium and water loss in urine by returning sodium and water to the blood
3
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Question 1.
Organelles are
ANSWER
Question 2.
Organs of the Urinary system
ANSWER
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Question 3.
draw and label a kidney with the following terms: Cortex, Medulla, Pelvis, renal artery, renal
vein, ureter, nephron
ANSWER
Question 4.
functional unit of the kidney
ANSWER
nephron 1 million per kidney!
Question 5.
What parts make up the nephron?
ANSWER
Renal corpuscle Renal tubule Glomerulus (capillaries that filter the blood plasma) Bowman's capsule
(surrounds the glomerulus) Efferent arteriole loop of henle
Question 6.
What is the glomerulus made of?
ANSWER
capillaries
1
,Question 7.
Function of a nephron
ANSWER
filter blood and produce urine
Question 8.
Two nephron types
ANSWER
juxtamedullary and cortical
Question 9.
juxtamedullary nephrons
ANSWER
-Long nephron loops deeply invade medulla -Ascending limbs have thick and thin segments
-Important in production of concentrated urine -found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla
Question 10.
cortical nephrons
ANSWER
-85% of all nephrons -short nephron loops -efferent arterioles branch into peritubular capillaries
around PCT and DCT
Question 11.
How is urine made in the kidney?
ANSWER
1.)Reabsorption - moving substances with tubule into the blood. 2.)filtration - occurs in the
glomerulus or renal corpuscle 3.)secretion 4.)filtration
Question 12.
driving force for filtration
ANSWER
hydrostatic pressure or BP
Question 13.
What fluid comes out of the glomerulus?
ANSWER
filtrate
2
, Question 14.
What is filtrate?
ANSWER
mostly water, electrolytes, nutrients, and waste products. Glucose is normal in filtrate. -similar to
blood plasma
Question 15.
Reabsorption in the Nephron Loop
ANSWER
Only water is absorbed in the descending limb. Na+ chloride is absorbed in the ascending limb (no
water).
Question 16.
Status of water coming out of nephron loop?
ANSWER
@ Lowest concentration (diluted)
Question 17.
Process taking place in nephron loop?
ANSWER
Countercurrent mechanism (dilutes the urine). Can also create concentrated urine from the Na+
absorbed in the ascending limb.
Question 18.
tubular secretion function
ANSWER
-selectively moves substances from blood to filtrate in renal tubules and collecting ducts -From blood
to tubular -Usually in the distal tubule -K+, H+, Uric acid, Penicillin are secreted ADH Aldosterone ANH
indirectly :
Renin (created by kidney) Angiotensin
Question 19.
Aldosterone function
ANSWER
-decreases sodium and water loss in urine by returning sodium and water to the blood
3
