NURS- 3366 ( exam 1) Questions with Correct Answers (Grade A+)
Question 1: What are the causes of alteration in cellular function?
Answer: 1) hypoxia = lack of oxygen
2) nutritional problems
3) electrolytes and other solutes
4) acid-base imbalance
5) fluid alteration
Question 2: What is sequela of hypoxia?
Answer: Anaerobic Glycolysis only occurs no kreb cycle leading to lack of ATP.
Question 3: What are positive and negative side of anaerobic glycolysis?
Answer: Positive = keeps body ongoing until oxygen is available by producing 2 molecules of ATP
Negative = by product of glycolysis ie pyruvate is not used therefore, Accumulates in body causes acidosis.
Question 4: What is the normal PH of body?
Answer: 7.35-7.45
Question 5: What are two main sequela of hypoxia?
Answer: 1) altered acid/base balance = result in acidosis or gluconeogenesis.
2) deficiency of ATP for cellular function = without ATP walk pump of cell cannot electrical functions
disrupting electrical impulse.
Question 6: Is the resting membrane potential (rmp) positive or negative?
Answer: Negative
Question 7: What are two main nutrition that can alter cellular function?
Answer: 1) glucose 2) vitamins (B)
Question 8: What happens if we consume excess amount of glucose?
Answer: If our body has excess of glucose the condition is called hyperglycemia. Insulin is released from
pancrease which distributes glucose to different cells on different part of the body. If the body Still has
excess glucose then Insulin helps in storage of glucose converting it into glycogen which is known as
glucogenesis. These glycogen are stored in the liver.
Page 1
, Question 9: What happens if our body lacks glucose?
Answer: Hypoglycemia occurs and blood sugar level ' goes down. Counterregulatory hormones are released
such as:
1) epinephrine from the adrenal medulla
2) cortisol from adrenal cortex.
3) growth hormone from pituitary
4) glucagon from pancreas These hormones perform 2 functions: alters the body about hunger and if we still
do not eat, then the glucagon converts glycogen into glucose by the process called glucogenolysis.
Question 10: What happen if body lacks glycogen storage?
Answer: If body cannot perform any more glycogenolysis then energy is produced by breaking down fats
and proteins which is known as gluconeogenesis.
Question 11: What is the negative side of gluconeogenesis?
Answer: The byproduct of gluconeogenesis is ketones. Ketones are the ketoacids. If our body produce large
number of ketones then acids with accumulate causing acidosis. Also, ketones cannot be used by brain cells.
Question 12: What process occurs during hypoglycemia?
Answer: Glucogenolysis or gluconeogenesis by the signals of counter-regulatory hormones.
Question 13: What are glucose abnormalities disease?
Answer: McArdle'S disease, type I diabetes
Question 14: What is McArdle'S disease? Mention s&s
Answer: An autosomal recessive disease in which normal ability to breakdown muscle glycogen
(glycogenolysis) is diminished. Sis could be muscle weakness& cramps during exercise due to no energy
reserves.
Question 15: What is type I diabetes mellitus? Discuss the pathology behind it.
Answer: Diabetes mellitus is a condition when our body stops producing insulin. As there is no insulin
glucose cannot reach to cells and remains in blood. Due to this a person with type I diabetes has high blood
sugar level. Now as cell lack glucose they start performing gluconeogenesis for energy.
Question 16: Why does the patient with type I diabetes mellitus lose weight?
Answer: Because they lose lot of protein and fat during gluconeogenesis.
Page 2
Question 1: What are the causes of alteration in cellular function?
Answer: 1) hypoxia = lack of oxygen
2) nutritional problems
3) electrolytes and other solutes
4) acid-base imbalance
5) fluid alteration
Question 2: What is sequela of hypoxia?
Answer: Anaerobic Glycolysis only occurs no kreb cycle leading to lack of ATP.
Question 3: What are positive and negative side of anaerobic glycolysis?
Answer: Positive = keeps body ongoing until oxygen is available by producing 2 molecules of ATP
Negative = by product of glycolysis ie pyruvate is not used therefore, Accumulates in body causes acidosis.
Question 4: What is the normal PH of body?
Answer: 7.35-7.45
Question 5: What are two main sequela of hypoxia?
Answer: 1) altered acid/base balance = result in acidosis or gluconeogenesis.
2) deficiency of ATP for cellular function = without ATP walk pump of cell cannot electrical functions
disrupting electrical impulse.
Question 6: Is the resting membrane potential (rmp) positive or negative?
Answer: Negative
Question 7: What are two main nutrition that can alter cellular function?
Answer: 1) glucose 2) vitamins (B)
Question 8: What happens if we consume excess amount of glucose?
Answer: If our body has excess of glucose the condition is called hyperglycemia. Insulin is released from
pancrease which distributes glucose to different cells on different part of the body. If the body Still has
excess glucose then Insulin helps in storage of glucose converting it into glycogen which is known as
glucogenesis. These glycogen are stored in the liver.
Page 1
, Question 9: What happens if our body lacks glucose?
Answer: Hypoglycemia occurs and blood sugar level ' goes down. Counterregulatory hormones are released
such as:
1) epinephrine from the adrenal medulla
2) cortisol from adrenal cortex.
3) growth hormone from pituitary
4) glucagon from pancreas These hormones perform 2 functions: alters the body about hunger and if we still
do not eat, then the glucagon converts glycogen into glucose by the process called glucogenolysis.
Question 10: What happen if body lacks glycogen storage?
Answer: If body cannot perform any more glycogenolysis then energy is produced by breaking down fats
and proteins which is known as gluconeogenesis.
Question 11: What is the negative side of gluconeogenesis?
Answer: The byproduct of gluconeogenesis is ketones. Ketones are the ketoacids. If our body produce large
number of ketones then acids with accumulate causing acidosis. Also, ketones cannot be used by brain cells.
Question 12: What process occurs during hypoglycemia?
Answer: Glucogenolysis or gluconeogenesis by the signals of counter-regulatory hormones.
Question 13: What are glucose abnormalities disease?
Answer: McArdle'S disease, type I diabetes
Question 14: What is McArdle'S disease? Mention s&s
Answer: An autosomal recessive disease in which normal ability to breakdown muscle glycogen
(glycogenolysis) is diminished. Sis could be muscle weakness& cramps during exercise due to no energy
reserves.
Question 15: What is type I diabetes mellitus? Discuss the pathology behind it.
Answer: Diabetes mellitus is a condition when our body stops producing insulin. As there is no insulin
glucose cannot reach to cells and remains in blood. Due to this a person with type I diabetes has high blood
sugar level. Now as cell lack glucose they start performing gluconeogenesis for energy.
Question 16: Why does the patient with type I diabetes mellitus lose weight?
Answer: Because they lose lot of protein and fat during gluconeogenesis.
Page 2
