NUR 312 Transcultural Nursing Exam 1 Study
Guide questions & Answers
Transcultural Nursing (TCN)
The comparative study and analysis of cultures and subcultures regarding caring, nursing care,
health/illness values, and behaviors.
Anthropology
The study of humans, including behavior, social relationships, characteristics, customs, and
development.
Culture
Learned, shared, and transmitted values, beliefs, norms, and lifeways that guide thinking,
decisions, and actions.
Culture-universal
Commonly shared values, norms, and lifepatterns among different cultures.
Culture-specific
Unique values, beliefs, and behaviors of a particular group.
Race
Genetically transmitted traits such as skin color, hair texture, and eye characteristics;
classifications are described in slides as arbitrary.
Madeleine Leininger
Nurse anthropologist who developed the Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality.
, Sunrise Enabler
Visual representation of Leininger's theory that guides culturally congruent nursing judgments
and actions.
TIP Model
Transcultural Interprofessional Practice Model; provides a systematic process for culturally
congruent, competent, and safe care.
Proxemics
The study of space and physical distance between communicators.
Personal Space Distance
2 to 4 feet.
Chronemics
The use of time in nonverbal communication.
Monochronic Time
Clock-based, agenda-oriented time where time is treated as a commodity.
Polychronic Time
Flexible, event-based time where relationships and events take priority over the clock.
Cultural Humility
A lifelong process of self-reflection, recognizing biases and power imbalances, and remaining
curious.
Guide questions & Answers
Transcultural Nursing (TCN)
The comparative study and analysis of cultures and subcultures regarding caring, nursing care,
health/illness values, and behaviors.
Anthropology
The study of humans, including behavior, social relationships, characteristics, customs, and
development.
Culture
Learned, shared, and transmitted values, beliefs, norms, and lifeways that guide thinking,
decisions, and actions.
Culture-universal
Commonly shared values, norms, and lifepatterns among different cultures.
Culture-specific
Unique values, beliefs, and behaviors of a particular group.
Race
Genetically transmitted traits such as skin color, hair texture, and eye characteristics;
classifications are described in slides as arbitrary.
Madeleine Leininger
Nurse anthropologist who developed the Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality.
, Sunrise Enabler
Visual representation of Leininger's theory that guides culturally congruent nursing judgments
and actions.
TIP Model
Transcultural Interprofessional Practice Model; provides a systematic process for culturally
congruent, competent, and safe care.
Proxemics
The study of space and physical distance between communicators.
Personal Space Distance
2 to 4 feet.
Chronemics
The use of time in nonverbal communication.
Monochronic Time
Clock-based, agenda-oriented time where time is treated as a commodity.
Polychronic Time
Flexible, event-based time where relationships and events take priority over the clock.
Cultural Humility
A lifelong process of self-reflection, recognizing biases and power imbalances, and remaining
curious.
