NUR 312 Exams Guide Questions & Answers
electrophysiology basics!
shifting electrolytes into and out of cardiac muscles. main electrolytes: Na, K, Ca, Mg
depolarization: cell stimulated, contraction (systole), P and QRS
repolarization: resting/relaxing, diastole, T wave
SA node
•Right atria near the opening of the Superior Vena Cava, natural "pacemaker"
AV node
Lower portion of right atria, slight delay in electrical activity, allowing atria to contract and fill
both ventricles with blood.
bundle of His
Thin bundle of threads connecting the AV node to the Bundle Branches, conduction pathway to
the ventricles, very fast
bundle branches
Located in/near the septum, send impulses right/left
purkinje fibers
Network of fibers that infiltrate all parts of the ventricle muscle, stimulates the ventricle to
depolarize and contract, posses the property of automaticity
, tricuspid valve
between right atrium and ventricle
bicuspid (mitral) valve
between left atrium and ventricle
pulmonic valve
between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
aortic valve
between left ventricle and aorta
S3
low pitched, can be normal in kids and young adults but can also be sound of heart failure... tx
with meds or valve replacement
S4
presystolic, atrial gallop. d/t hypertrophic ventricles, HTN, aortic stenosis, fibrosis post MI.
tx: correct underlying disease
ST elevation causes
myocarditis, pericarditis, stress cardiomyopathy, acute, vasospasm, spontaneous, coronary artery
dissection, L bundle branch block, channelopathies, electrolyte abnormalities
ischemia v infarction
electrophysiology basics!
shifting electrolytes into and out of cardiac muscles. main electrolytes: Na, K, Ca, Mg
depolarization: cell stimulated, contraction (systole), P and QRS
repolarization: resting/relaxing, diastole, T wave
SA node
•Right atria near the opening of the Superior Vena Cava, natural "pacemaker"
AV node
Lower portion of right atria, slight delay in electrical activity, allowing atria to contract and fill
both ventricles with blood.
bundle of His
Thin bundle of threads connecting the AV node to the Bundle Branches, conduction pathway to
the ventricles, very fast
bundle branches
Located in/near the septum, send impulses right/left
purkinje fibers
Network of fibers that infiltrate all parts of the ventricle muscle, stimulates the ventricle to
depolarize and contract, posses the property of automaticity
, tricuspid valve
between right atrium and ventricle
bicuspid (mitral) valve
between left atrium and ventricle
pulmonic valve
between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
aortic valve
between left ventricle and aorta
S3
low pitched, can be normal in kids and young adults but can also be sound of heart failure... tx
with meds or valve replacement
S4
presystolic, atrial gallop. d/t hypertrophic ventricles, HTN, aortic stenosis, fibrosis post MI.
tx: correct underlying disease
ST elevation causes
myocarditis, pericarditis, stress cardiomyopathy, acute, vasospasm, spontaneous, coronary artery
dissection, L bundle branch block, channelopathies, electrolyte abnormalities
ischemia v infarction
