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Brief Contents
Part 1: Introduction to Databases
Chapter 1: Databases and Database Users
Chapter 2: Database Systems Concepts and Architecture
Part 2: Conceptual Data Modeling and Database Design
Chapter 3: Data Modeling Using the Entity Relationship (ER) Model
Chapter 4: The Enhanced Entity Relationship (EER) Model
Part 3: The Relational Data Model and SQL
Chapter 5: The Relational Data Model and Relational Database Constraints
Chapter 6: Basic SQL
Chapter 7: More SQL: Complex Queries, Triggers, Views, and Schema Modification
Chapter 8: The Relational Algebra and Relational Calculus
Chapter 9: Relational Database Design by ER- and EER-to-Relational Mapping
Part 4: Database Programming Techniques
Chapter 10: Introduction to SQL Programming Techniques
Chapter 11: Web Database Programming Using PHP
Part 5: Object, Object-Relational, and XML: Concepts, Models, Languages, and Standards
Chapter 12: Object and Object-Relational Databases
Chapter 13: XLM: Extensible Markup Language
Part 6: Database Design Theory and Normalization
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Chapter 14: Basics of Functional Dependencies and Normalization for Relational
Databases
Chapter 15: Relational Database Design Algorithms and Further Dependencies
Part 7: File Structures, Hashing, Indexing, and Physical Database Design
Chapter 16: Disc Storage, Basic File Structures, Hashing, and Modern Storage
Architectures
Chapter 17: Indexing Structures for Files and Physical Database Design
Part 8: Query Processing and Optimization
Chapter 18: Strategies for Query Processing
Chapter 19: Query Optimization
Part 9: Transaction Processing, Concurrency Control, and Recovering
Chapter 20: Introduction to Transaction Processing Concepts and Theory
Chapter 21: Concurrency Control Techniques
Chapter 22: Database Recovery Techniques
Part 10: Distributed Databases, NOSQL Systems, Cloud Computing, and Big Data
Chapter 23: Distributed Database Concepts
Chapter 24: NOSQL Databases and Big Data Storage Systems
Chapter 25: Big Data Technologies Based on MapReduce and Hadoop
Part 11: Advanced Database Models, Systems, and Applications
Chapter 26: Enhanced Data Models: Introduction to Active, Temporal, Spatial,
Multimedia, and Deductive Databases
Chapter 27: Introduction to Information Retrieval and Web Search
Chapter 28: Data Mining Concepts
Chapter 29: Overview of Data Warehousing and OLAP
Part 12: Additional Database Topics: Security
Chapter 30: Database Security
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Chapter 1: Databases and Database Users 1
CHAPTER 1: DATABASES AND DATABASE USERS
Answers to Selected Exercises
1.8 - Identify some informal queries and update operations that you would expect to apply to
the database shown in Figure 1.2.
Answer:
(a) (Query) List the names of all students majoring in Computer Science.
(b) (Query) What are the prerequisites of the Database course?
(c) (Query) Retrieve the transcript of Smith. This is a list of <CourseName,
SectionIdentifier, Semester, Year, Grade> for each course section that Smith has completed.
(d) (Update) Insert a new student in the database whose Name=Jackson,
StudentNumber=23, Class=1 (freshman), and Major=MATH.
(e) (Update) Change the grade that Smith received in Intro to Computer Science section
119 to B.
1.9 - What is the difference between controlled and uncontrolled redundancy?
Answer:
Redundancy is when the same fact is stored multiple times in several places in a database.
For example, in Figure 1.5(a) the fact that the name of the student with StudentNumber=8 is
Brown is stored multiple times. Redundancy is controlled when the DBMS ensures that
multiple copies of the same data are consistent; for example, if a new record with
StudentNumber=8 is stored in the database of Figure 1.5(a), the DBMS will ensure that
StudentName=Smith in that record. If the DBMS has no control over this, we have
uncontrolled redundancy.
1.10 - Specify all the relationships among the records of the database shown in Figure 1.2.
Answer:
(a) Each SECTION record is related to a COURSE record.
(b) Each GRADE_REPORT record is related to one STUDENT record and one SECTION
record.
(c) Each PREREQUISITE record relates two COURSE records: one in the role of a course
and the other in the role of a prerequisite to that course.
1.11 - Give some additional views that may be needed by other user groups for the database
shown in Figure 1.2.
Answer:
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJ
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Brief Contents
Part 1: Introduction to Databases
Chapter 1: Databases and Database Users
Chapter 2: Database Systems Concepts and Architecture
Part 2: Conceptual Data Modeling and Database Design
Chapter 3: Data Modeling Using the Entity Relationship (ER) Model
Chapter 4: The Enhanced Entity Relationship (EER) Model
Part 3: The Relational Data Model and SQL
Chapter 5: The Relational Data Model and Relational Database Constraints
Chapter 6: Basic SQL
Chapter 7: More SQL: Complex Queries, Triggers, Views, and Schema Modification
Chapter 8: The Relational Algebra and Relational Calculus
Chapter 9: Relational Database Design by ER- and EER-to-Relational Mapping
Part 4: Database Programming Techniques
Chapter 10: Introduction to SQL Programming Techniques
Chapter 11: Web Database Programming Using PHP
Part 5: Object, Object-Relational, and XML: Concepts, Models, Languages, and Standards
Chapter 12: Object and Object-Relational Databases
Chapter 13: XLM: Extensible Markup Language
Part 6: Database Design Theory and Normalization
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Chapter 14: Basics of Functional Dependencies and Normalization for Relational
Databases
Chapter 15: Relational Database Design Algorithms and Further Dependencies
Part 7: File Structures, Hashing, Indexing, and Physical Database Design
Chapter 16: Disc Storage, Basic File Structures, Hashing, and Modern Storage
Architectures
Chapter 17: Indexing Structures for Files and Physical Database Design
Part 8: Query Processing and Optimization
Chapter 18: Strategies for Query Processing
Chapter 19: Query Optimization
Part 9: Transaction Processing, Concurrency Control, and Recovering
Chapter 20: Introduction to Transaction Processing Concepts and Theory
Chapter 21: Concurrency Control Techniques
Chapter 22: Database Recovery Techniques
Part 10: Distributed Databases, NOSQL Systems, Cloud Computing, and Big Data
Chapter 23: Distributed Database Concepts
Chapter 24: NOSQL Databases and Big Data Storage Systems
Chapter 25: Big Data Technologies Based on MapReduce and Hadoop
Part 11: Advanced Database Models, Systems, and Applications
Chapter 26: Enhanced Data Models: Introduction to Active, Temporal, Spatial,
Multimedia, and Deductive Databases
Chapter 27: Introduction to Information Retrieval and Web Search
Chapter 28: Data Mining Concepts
Chapter 29: Overview of Data Warehousing and OLAP
Part 12: Additional Database Topics: Security
Chapter 30: Database Security
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Chapter 1: Databases and Database Users 1
CHAPTER 1: DATABASES AND DATABASE USERS
Answers to Selected Exercises
1.8 - Identify some informal queries and update operations that you would expect to apply to
the database shown in Figure 1.2.
Answer:
(a) (Query) List the names of all students majoring in Computer Science.
(b) (Query) What are the prerequisites of the Database course?
(c) (Query) Retrieve the transcript of Smith. This is a list of <CourseName,
SectionIdentifier, Semester, Year, Grade> for each course section that Smith has completed.
(d) (Update) Insert a new student in the database whose Name=Jackson,
StudentNumber=23, Class=1 (freshman), and Major=MATH.
(e) (Update) Change the grade that Smith received in Intro to Computer Science section
119 to B.
1.9 - What is the difference between controlled and uncontrolled redundancy?
Answer:
Redundancy is when the same fact is stored multiple times in several places in a database.
For example, in Figure 1.5(a) the fact that the name of the student with StudentNumber=8 is
Brown is stored multiple times. Redundancy is controlled when the DBMS ensures that
multiple copies of the same data are consistent; for example, if a new record with
StudentNumber=8 is stored in the database of Figure 1.5(a), the DBMS will ensure that
StudentName=Smith in that record. If the DBMS has no control over this, we have
uncontrolled redundancy.
1.10 - Specify all the relationships among the records of the database shown in Figure 1.2.
Answer:
(a) Each SECTION record is related to a COURSE record.
(b) Each GRADE_REPORT record is related to one STUDENT record and one SECTION
record.
(c) Each PREREQUISITE record relates two COURSE records: one in the role of a course
and the other in the role of a prerequisite to that course.
1.11 - Give some additional views that may be needed by other user groups for the database
shown in Figure 1.2.
Answer:
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJ
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