FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING EXAM
PREP150 NCLEX-STYLE QUESTIONS
WITH DETAILED
RATIONALESALIGNED WITH AACN
ESSENTIALS, QSEN COMPETENCIES,
PERSON-CENTERED CARE & NCLEX-
RN TEST PLAN
SECTION I: Foundations of Nursing Practice & Person-
Centered Care (Q1–15)
1. A nurse is providing care to a patient from a different cultural
background. Which action best demonstrates person-centered
care?
A. Applying the nurse's own cultural values to the plan of care
B. Asking the patient about their cultural beliefs and preferences
C. Avoiding discussion of cultural differences
D. Assuming the patient's culture is the same as the nurse's
Answer: B
Rationale: Person-centered care (AACN Essentials Domain 2)
requires respecting patient preferences, values, and cultural
beliefs. Asking the patient about their beliefs demonstrates
,cultural humility and individualized care. Applying the nurse's own
values or avoiding discussion disregards the patient's autonomy.
2. A nurse is preparing to discharge a patient. Which statement by
the nurse best reflects the QSEN competency of patient-centered
care?
A. "I have arranged for your follow-up appointment as I think
best."
B. "Let's discuss your goals and how we can work together to
achieve them."
C. "You need to follow this plan exactly as I have outlined."
D. "Your family will make all decisions for you."
Answer: B
Rationale: QSEN patient-centered care recognizes the patient as
the source of control. Collaborating on goals respects autonomy
and individual preferences. The other options are provider-
directed and do not engage the patient in shared decision-
making.
3. A nurse is caring for a patient who speaks limited English.
Which action is most appropriate?
A. Use a family member as an interpreter
B. Speak loudly and slowly in English
C. Arrange for a professional medical interpreter
D. Rely on written materials in English
Answer: C
Rationale: Professional interpreters ensure accurate
communication, confidentiality, and understanding. Family
members may mistranslate or withhold information, and speaking
,loudly or relying on English-only materials does not address the
language barrier. This aligns with QSEN patient-centered care and
AACN Essentials Domain 2.
4. A nurse is assessing a patient's spiritual needs. Which question
is most appropriate?
A. "Do you attend church every week?"
B. "What gives your life meaning and purpose?"
C. "Are you religious?"
D. "Would you like me to call a priest?"
Answer: B
Rationale: Spirituality is broader than religious affiliation. Asking
about meaning and purpose assesses the patient's spiritual needs
without assuming a specific religion. This is part of holistic,
person-centered care.
5. A nurse is developing a plan of care for a patient with a new
diagnosis of diabetes. Which action best demonstrates the QSEN
competency of evidence-based practice?
A. Using the nurse's personal experience to guide teaching
B. Following the latest clinical practice guidelines for diabetes
education
C. Asking the patient what they already know
D. Referring the patient to a diabetes educator
Answer: B
Rationale: Evidence-based practice integrates the best current
evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences. Following
clinical practice guidelines ensures care is based on research.
, Referring to a diabetes educator is appropriate but does not
directly demonstrate the nurse's use of evidence.
6. A nurse is caring for a patient who refuses a prescribed
medication. Which action is most appropriate?
A. Administer the medication anyway
B. Document the refusal and notify the provider
C. Ask the family to convince the patient
D. Crush the medication and hide it in food
Answer: B
Rationale: A competent patient has the right to refuse treatment.
The nurse must respect autonomy (person-centered care),
document the refusal, and notify the provider. Administering
against the patient's will or hiding medication violates ethical and
legal standards.
7. A nurse is preparing to perform a procedure. Which action
demonstrates the QSEN competency of safety?
A. Performing the procedure without checking patient
identification
B. Using two patient identifiers before the procedure
C. Skipping hand hygiene if gloves are worn
D. Rushing to complete the procedure quickly
Answer: B
Rationale: Using two patient identifiers (e.g., name and date of
birth) is a critical safety practice to prevent wrong-patient errors.
This aligns with QSEN safety and The Joint Commission National
Patient Safety Goals.
PREP150 NCLEX-STYLE QUESTIONS
WITH DETAILED
RATIONALESALIGNED WITH AACN
ESSENTIALS, QSEN COMPETENCIES,
PERSON-CENTERED CARE & NCLEX-
RN TEST PLAN
SECTION I: Foundations of Nursing Practice & Person-
Centered Care (Q1–15)
1. A nurse is providing care to a patient from a different cultural
background. Which action best demonstrates person-centered
care?
A. Applying the nurse's own cultural values to the plan of care
B. Asking the patient about their cultural beliefs and preferences
C. Avoiding discussion of cultural differences
D. Assuming the patient's culture is the same as the nurse's
Answer: B
Rationale: Person-centered care (AACN Essentials Domain 2)
requires respecting patient preferences, values, and cultural
beliefs. Asking the patient about their beliefs demonstrates
,cultural humility and individualized care. Applying the nurse's own
values or avoiding discussion disregards the patient's autonomy.
2. A nurse is preparing to discharge a patient. Which statement by
the nurse best reflects the QSEN competency of patient-centered
care?
A. "I have arranged for your follow-up appointment as I think
best."
B. "Let's discuss your goals and how we can work together to
achieve them."
C. "You need to follow this plan exactly as I have outlined."
D. "Your family will make all decisions for you."
Answer: B
Rationale: QSEN patient-centered care recognizes the patient as
the source of control. Collaborating on goals respects autonomy
and individual preferences. The other options are provider-
directed and do not engage the patient in shared decision-
making.
3. A nurse is caring for a patient who speaks limited English.
Which action is most appropriate?
A. Use a family member as an interpreter
B. Speak loudly and slowly in English
C. Arrange for a professional medical interpreter
D. Rely on written materials in English
Answer: C
Rationale: Professional interpreters ensure accurate
communication, confidentiality, and understanding. Family
members may mistranslate or withhold information, and speaking
,loudly or relying on English-only materials does not address the
language barrier. This aligns with QSEN patient-centered care and
AACN Essentials Domain 2.
4. A nurse is assessing a patient's spiritual needs. Which question
is most appropriate?
A. "Do you attend church every week?"
B. "What gives your life meaning and purpose?"
C. "Are you religious?"
D. "Would you like me to call a priest?"
Answer: B
Rationale: Spirituality is broader than religious affiliation. Asking
about meaning and purpose assesses the patient's spiritual needs
without assuming a specific religion. This is part of holistic,
person-centered care.
5. A nurse is developing a plan of care for a patient with a new
diagnosis of diabetes. Which action best demonstrates the QSEN
competency of evidence-based practice?
A. Using the nurse's personal experience to guide teaching
B. Following the latest clinical practice guidelines for diabetes
education
C. Asking the patient what they already know
D. Referring the patient to a diabetes educator
Answer: B
Rationale: Evidence-based practice integrates the best current
evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences. Following
clinical practice guidelines ensures care is based on research.
, Referring to a diabetes educator is appropriate but does not
directly demonstrate the nurse's use of evidence.
6. A nurse is caring for a patient who refuses a prescribed
medication. Which action is most appropriate?
A. Administer the medication anyway
B. Document the refusal and notify the provider
C. Ask the family to convince the patient
D. Crush the medication and hide it in food
Answer: B
Rationale: A competent patient has the right to refuse treatment.
The nurse must respect autonomy (person-centered care),
document the refusal, and notify the provider. Administering
against the patient's will or hiding medication violates ethical and
legal standards.
7. A nurse is preparing to perform a procedure. Which action
demonstrates the QSEN competency of safety?
A. Performing the procedure without checking patient
identification
B. Using two patient identifiers before the procedure
C. Skipping hand hygiene if gloves are worn
D. Rushing to complete the procedure quickly
Answer: B
Rationale: Using two patient identifiers (e.g., name and date of
birth) is a critical safety practice to prevent wrong-patient errors.
This aligns with QSEN safety and The Joint Commission National
Patient Safety Goals.
