Page 1 of 84
ESSENTIALS OF ORAL HISTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY: A CLINICAL APPROACH (6TH
EDITION) SOLVED QUESTIONS & ANSWERS VERIFIED 100 %
Essentials of Oral Histology and Embryology: A Clinical Approach (6th Edition)
Questions with Rationales
1. Mitochondria produce which chemical for intracellular energy?
A) ADP
B) ATP
C) RNA
D) DNA
Rationale: Mitochondria generate energy through ATP production.
2. Each tissue originates from mesoderm, EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?
A) Bone
B) Liver
C) Blood
D) Muscle
, Page 2 of 84
Rationale: Liver tissue is produced by endodermal cells, while bone, blood, and muscle
develop from mesodermal cells.
3. Which chemical is called the second messenger?
A) aDNA
B) mRNA
C) dGMP
D) cAMP
Rationale: cAMP transmits information to intracellular organelles when activated by
surface receptors on the plasma membrane.
4. Which cellular component facilitates protein synthesis?
A) Ribosomes
B) Lysosomes
C) Mitochondria
D) Plasmalemma
Rationale: Ribosomes synthesize protein, while lysosomes facilitate breakdown,
mitochondria generate energy, and the plasmalemma provides a protective barrier.
5. Which organelle produces microtubules?
A) Nucleus
B) Centriole
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
Rationale: Centrioles produce microtubules and are important in cell division.
, Page 3 of 84
6. Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized as the initial resting stage?
A) G1 phase
B) S phase
C) G2 phase
D) M phase
Rationale: G1 phase is the initial resting stage of the cell cycle, where the cell grows
and prepares for DNA synthesis.
7. What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?
A) Protein synthesis
B) Modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins
C) ATP production
D) Lipid synthesis
Rationale: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins synthesized in
the rough endoplasmic reticulum for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
8. Which type of cell junction allows direct communication between adjacent
cells?
A) Tight junction
B) Desmosome
C) Gap junction
D) Hemidesmosome
Rationale: Gap junctions allow direct communication between adjacent cells through
connexin channels, enabling ion and small molecule exchange.
, Page 4 of 84
9. What is the primary function of lysosomes?
A) Protein synthesis
B) ATP production
C) Intracellular digestion
D) Lipid synthesis
Rationale: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that digest cellular waste, worn-out
organelles, and ingested materials.
10. During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the cell equator?
A) Prophase
B) Metaphase
C) Anaphase
D) Telophase
Rationale: During metaphase, chromosomes align at the metaphase plate (cell
equator) before being separated.
11. Which type of epithelium is found in the oral mucosa and is subject to
mechanical stress?
A) Simple squamous
B) Stratified squamous
C) Simple cuboidal
D) Pseudostratified columnar
Rationale: Stratified squamous epithelium is found in the oral mucosa and is adapted
to withstand mechanical stress.
ESSENTIALS OF ORAL HISTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY: A CLINICAL APPROACH (6TH
EDITION) SOLVED QUESTIONS & ANSWERS VERIFIED 100 %
Essentials of Oral Histology and Embryology: A Clinical Approach (6th Edition)
Questions with Rationales
1. Mitochondria produce which chemical for intracellular energy?
A) ADP
B) ATP
C) RNA
D) DNA
Rationale: Mitochondria generate energy through ATP production.
2. Each tissue originates from mesoderm, EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?
A) Bone
B) Liver
C) Blood
D) Muscle
, Page 2 of 84
Rationale: Liver tissue is produced by endodermal cells, while bone, blood, and muscle
develop from mesodermal cells.
3. Which chemical is called the second messenger?
A) aDNA
B) mRNA
C) dGMP
D) cAMP
Rationale: cAMP transmits information to intracellular organelles when activated by
surface receptors on the plasma membrane.
4. Which cellular component facilitates protein synthesis?
A) Ribosomes
B) Lysosomes
C) Mitochondria
D) Plasmalemma
Rationale: Ribosomes synthesize protein, while lysosomes facilitate breakdown,
mitochondria generate energy, and the plasmalemma provides a protective barrier.
5. Which organelle produces microtubules?
A) Nucleus
B) Centriole
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
Rationale: Centrioles produce microtubules and are important in cell division.
, Page 3 of 84
6. Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized as the initial resting stage?
A) G1 phase
B) S phase
C) G2 phase
D) M phase
Rationale: G1 phase is the initial resting stage of the cell cycle, where the cell grows
and prepares for DNA synthesis.
7. What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?
A) Protein synthesis
B) Modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins
C) ATP production
D) Lipid synthesis
Rationale: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins synthesized in
the rough endoplasmic reticulum for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
8. Which type of cell junction allows direct communication between adjacent
cells?
A) Tight junction
B) Desmosome
C) Gap junction
D) Hemidesmosome
Rationale: Gap junctions allow direct communication between adjacent cells through
connexin channels, enabling ion and small molecule exchange.
, Page 4 of 84
9. What is the primary function of lysosomes?
A) Protein synthesis
B) ATP production
C) Intracellular digestion
D) Lipid synthesis
Rationale: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that digest cellular waste, worn-out
organelles, and ingested materials.
10. During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the cell equator?
A) Prophase
B) Metaphase
C) Anaphase
D) Telophase
Rationale: During metaphase, chromosomes align at the metaphase plate (cell
equator) before being separated.
11. Which type of epithelium is found in the oral mucosa and is subject to
mechanical stress?
A) Simple squamous
B) Stratified squamous
C) Simple cuboidal
D) Pseudostratified columnar
Rationale: Stratified squamous epithelium is found in the oral mucosa and is adapted
to withstand mechanical stress.
