1|Page
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW
2026-2027 | COMPLETE COMPREHENSIVE
STUDY GUIDE WITH 200+ PRACTICE
QUESTIONS, ANSWER KEYS & DETAILED
RATIONALES | ALL UNITS COVERED:
CELLULAR, INFLAMMATION, IMMUNITY,
GENETICS, CARDIOVASCULAR, RESPIRATORY,
RENAL, ENDOCRINE, NEUROLOGICAL & GI |
NURSING & PRE-MED | A+ GUARANTEED
Which of the following forms the anchor to attach the
mrna to the ribosome >>correct Ans >> 5' cap added to
one end and Poly-A-Tail to the other. 5' cap used as
anchor
Electronegativity is the tendency of an element to attract a
bonding pair of electrons. Which of the following
elements is the most electronegative? >>correct Ans >>
Oxygen
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How do carbohydrates impact the brain? >>correct Ans
>> Glucose has a central role on the body and the brain
for energy source
How many electrons does carbon use to interact with
other atoms? >>correct Ans >> 4
DNA proofreading, how is an incorrect nucleotide
removed? >>correct Ans >> DNA polymerase
Phenotype severity in individuals with mutation of the
CFTR gene varies from GI symptoms to severe lung
infections. This is an example of what? >>correct Ans
>> Variable Expressivity
Phospholipids are 2 fatty acids bound to a glycerol
molecule. Which is one reason why phospholipids are
able to form cell membranes >>correct Ans >> one
polar end and one nonpolar end form plasma membranes
Components of bicarb buffer system include which of
these molecules >>correct Ans >> carbonic acid
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Which delivers the triglycerides to the tissues >>correct
Ans >> VLDL
Production of prostaglandins and leukotrienes during
inflammation depends on the presence of >>correct Ans
>> cell membrane lipid
What is the cause of hypopigmentation with PKU
>>correct Ans >> Not enough tyrosine
What principle underlies the use of hybridization arrays
and gene chips to detect subject genotypes >>correct
Ans >> Complementary base pairing
What familial pattern is seen in a trinucleotide repeat
disorder, such as Huntington Disease? >>correct Ans >>
Inheritance shows earlier onset in later generations
Which molecule is formed by a gene transcription and
codes for cytoplasmic protein synthesis >>correct Ans
>> mrna
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW
2026-2027 | COMPLETE COMPREHENSIVE
STUDY GUIDE WITH 200+ PRACTICE
QUESTIONS, ANSWER KEYS & DETAILED
RATIONALES | ALL UNITS COVERED:
CELLULAR, INFLAMMATION, IMMUNITY,
GENETICS, CARDIOVASCULAR, RESPIRATORY,
RENAL, ENDOCRINE, NEUROLOGICAL & GI |
NURSING & PRE-MED | A+ GUARANTEED
Which of the following forms the anchor to attach the
mrna to the ribosome >>correct Ans >> 5' cap added to
one end and Poly-A-Tail to the other. 5' cap used as
anchor
Electronegativity is the tendency of an element to attract a
bonding pair of electrons. Which of the following
elements is the most electronegative? >>correct Ans >>
Oxygen
,2|Page
How do carbohydrates impact the brain? >>correct Ans
>> Glucose has a central role on the body and the brain
for energy source
How many electrons does carbon use to interact with
other atoms? >>correct Ans >> 4
DNA proofreading, how is an incorrect nucleotide
removed? >>correct Ans >> DNA polymerase
Phenotype severity in individuals with mutation of the
CFTR gene varies from GI symptoms to severe lung
infections. This is an example of what? >>correct Ans
>> Variable Expressivity
Phospholipids are 2 fatty acids bound to a glycerol
molecule. Which is one reason why phospholipids are
able to form cell membranes >>correct Ans >> one
polar end and one nonpolar end form plasma membranes
Components of bicarb buffer system include which of
these molecules >>correct Ans >> carbonic acid
, 3|Page
Which delivers the triglycerides to the tissues >>correct
Ans >> VLDL
Production of prostaglandins and leukotrienes during
inflammation depends on the presence of >>correct Ans
>> cell membrane lipid
What is the cause of hypopigmentation with PKU
>>correct Ans >> Not enough tyrosine
What principle underlies the use of hybridization arrays
and gene chips to detect subject genotypes >>correct
Ans >> Complementary base pairing
What familial pattern is seen in a trinucleotide repeat
disorder, such as Huntington Disease? >>correct Ans >>
Inheritance shows earlier onset in later generations
Which molecule is formed by a gene transcription and
codes for cytoplasmic protein synthesis >>correct Ans
>> mrna
