NFDN 2003 Final Exam
(2026/27) — Complete
Questions, Verified Answers &
Rationales
Ace your final exam with this comprehensive, high-yield study resource specifically
designed for the 2025/2026 academic year. This document contains real exam-style
questions, accurate answers, and detailed rationales to ensure you fully master the core
concepts of the NFDN 2003 Nursing Program.
Perfect for quick active recall, last-minute cramming, and deep-dive conceptual
understanding.
What’s Included in This Study Guide:
• Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance: Complete breakdowns of
hypervolemia, hypovolemia, hyponatremia, hypernatremia, and ABG
interpretation (pH, PaCO2, HCO3).
• Clinical Procedures & IV Therapy: Critical knowledge on phlebitis, infiltration,
hematomas, saline locks, and advanced wound dressing types (hydrocolloid,
ABD, Telfa).
• Orthopedics & Traction Client Care: The complete "TRACTION" care
framework, pin care sterile techniques, halo traction, and arthroplasty post-op
goals.
• Critical Nursing Frameworks & Neurovascular Assessment: Full mastery of
SBAR communication, nerve sensation/movement testing (tibial, peroneal, radial,
ulnar), CTEMPS, and PQRSTU pain scales.
• Nursing Process & Decision Making: Step-by-step prioritization frameworks
(First to Fourth-order priority setting) and leadership qualities.
Quiz__________?
Fluid & Electrolyte Needs -
Answer☑️
- Homeostasis
1
,- Affected by digestion, absorption, metabolism of nutrients and excretion of
waste
Quiz__________?
Functions of Body Fluids -
Answer☑️
- Need 1.5 L - 2.5L per day
- 60-70% body weight is fluid [70% intracellular, 30% extracellular]
- Transport nutrients and wastes to and from cells
- Maintain body temp., acid-base balance, aids in digestion and elimination
Quiz__________?
Assessment of Fluid Balance -
Answer☑️
- Health history [age, acute illness, environmental factors, diet,
medications]
- Physical exam [head to toe, weight [1kg gain = 1L fluid gain],
intake/output, assess edema, diagnostic tests]
Quiz__________?
Problems of Fluid Imbalances -
Answer☑️
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Acid-Base imbalance
- Deficient fluid volume
- Excess fluid volume [edema]
2
,Quiz__________?
Common Fluid Imbalances -
Answer☑️
- Dehydration {hypovolemia}: burn victims [3rd degree] are most at risk
Quiz__________?
Hypovolemia -
Answer☑️
- Acute weight loss
- Rapid & weak pulse
- Hypotension [bp]
- Dry, sticky mucous membrane
- U/O <30ml/h and constipation
- Thirst and weakness
- Increase Hgb, Hct, urine osmol
Quiz__________?
Hypervolemia -
Answer☑️
- Acute weight gain
- Bounding full pulse
- Hypertension [bp]
- Moist mucous membrane
- U/O increased, specific gravity <1
- Cough/Dyspnea
3
, - Decreased Hgb, Hct, urine osmol
Quiz__________?
Electrolytes -
Answer☑️
- Sodium [135-145 mEq/L]
- Potassium [3.5-5 mEq/L]
- Calcium [4.5-5.5 mEq/L]
- Magnesium [1.5-2.5 mEq/L]
- Chloride [98-106 mEq/L]
- Phosphorus [1.2-3 mEq/L]
Quiz__________?
Hyponatremia -
Answer☑️
- Na maintains extracellular osmolality, controls body fluids, influences
acid-base balance
- Cause: Excess sweating and increased water intake, GI suction, excess
IV, use of diuretics
Quiz__________?
Hypernatremia -
Answer☑️
- Causes: Decreased water intake, excess saline/salt, profuse diarrhea,
diabetes insipidus, heatstroke, hyperventilation
4
(2026/27) — Complete
Questions, Verified Answers &
Rationales
Ace your final exam with this comprehensive, high-yield study resource specifically
designed for the 2025/2026 academic year. This document contains real exam-style
questions, accurate answers, and detailed rationales to ensure you fully master the core
concepts of the NFDN 2003 Nursing Program.
Perfect for quick active recall, last-minute cramming, and deep-dive conceptual
understanding.
What’s Included in This Study Guide:
• Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance: Complete breakdowns of
hypervolemia, hypovolemia, hyponatremia, hypernatremia, and ABG
interpretation (pH, PaCO2, HCO3).
• Clinical Procedures & IV Therapy: Critical knowledge on phlebitis, infiltration,
hematomas, saline locks, and advanced wound dressing types (hydrocolloid,
ABD, Telfa).
• Orthopedics & Traction Client Care: The complete "TRACTION" care
framework, pin care sterile techniques, halo traction, and arthroplasty post-op
goals.
• Critical Nursing Frameworks & Neurovascular Assessment: Full mastery of
SBAR communication, nerve sensation/movement testing (tibial, peroneal, radial,
ulnar), CTEMPS, and PQRSTU pain scales.
• Nursing Process & Decision Making: Step-by-step prioritization frameworks
(First to Fourth-order priority setting) and leadership qualities.
Quiz__________?
Fluid & Electrolyte Needs -
Answer☑️
- Homeostasis
1
,- Affected by digestion, absorption, metabolism of nutrients and excretion of
waste
Quiz__________?
Functions of Body Fluids -
Answer☑️
- Need 1.5 L - 2.5L per day
- 60-70% body weight is fluid [70% intracellular, 30% extracellular]
- Transport nutrients and wastes to and from cells
- Maintain body temp., acid-base balance, aids in digestion and elimination
Quiz__________?
Assessment of Fluid Balance -
Answer☑️
- Health history [age, acute illness, environmental factors, diet,
medications]
- Physical exam [head to toe, weight [1kg gain = 1L fluid gain],
intake/output, assess edema, diagnostic tests]
Quiz__________?
Problems of Fluid Imbalances -
Answer☑️
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Acid-Base imbalance
- Deficient fluid volume
- Excess fluid volume [edema]
2
,Quiz__________?
Common Fluid Imbalances -
Answer☑️
- Dehydration {hypovolemia}: burn victims [3rd degree] are most at risk
Quiz__________?
Hypovolemia -
Answer☑️
- Acute weight loss
- Rapid & weak pulse
- Hypotension [bp]
- Dry, sticky mucous membrane
- U/O <30ml/h and constipation
- Thirst and weakness
- Increase Hgb, Hct, urine osmol
Quiz__________?
Hypervolemia -
Answer☑️
- Acute weight gain
- Bounding full pulse
- Hypertension [bp]
- Moist mucous membrane
- U/O increased, specific gravity <1
- Cough/Dyspnea
3
, - Decreased Hgb, Hct, urine osmol
Quiz__________?
Electrolytes -
Answer☑️
- Sodium [135-145 mEq/L]
- Potassium [3.5-5 mEq/L]
- Calcium [4.5-5.5 mEq/L]
- Magnesium [1.5-2.5 mEq/L]
- Chloride [98-106 mEq/L]
- Phosphorus [1.2-3 mEq/L]
Quiz__________?
Hyponatremia -
Answer☑️
- Na maintains extracellular osmolality, controls body fluids, influences
acid-base balance
- Cause: Excess sweating and increased water intake, GI suction, excess
IV, use of diuretics
Quiz__________?
Hypernatremia -
Answer☑️
- Causes: Decreased water intake, excess saline/salt, profuse diarrhea,
diabetes insipidus, heatstroke, hyperventilation
4
