TEST BANK FOR ETHICS AND LAW IN DENTAL HYGIENE 3RD EDITION BY BEEMSTERBOER

Chapter 02: Ethical Theory and Philosophy Beemsterboer: Ethics and Law in Dental Hygiene, 3rd Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Ethical decision making is a behavior and can be done well or done poorly. It is inherent and is not taught or learned. a. Both statements are true. b. Both statements are false. c. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. d. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. ANS: C Ethical decision making is something that can be done well or done poorly and it is something that can be taught and learned. Many problems are situations in which we can easily determine what to do, but in other situations determining what is the ethical action takes careful reflection. An introduction to the foundation of ethical theory can guide ethical decision making and assist in understanding the process by which such decisions are made. DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 15 OBJ: 1 TOP: 7.0 Professional Responsibility | 7.1 Ethical Principles, including informed consent 2. Moral development is thought to be a process, because moral development has been shown to typically occur in progressive steps or stages. a. Both the statement and reason are correct and related. b. Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related. c. The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT. d. The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct. e. NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct. ANS: A Just as each individual develops physically and intellectually, moral development also has been shown to typically occur in progressive steps or stages. Some researchers have related age, maturation of components of personality, and increased experience with moral development, whereas others have stressed that moral development has a cognitive component as well. DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 15 OBJ: 1 TOP: 7.0 Professional Responsibility | 7.1 Ethical Principles, including informed consent 3. Which of the following is thought to be one of the strongest and most consistent correlates with development of moral judgment? a. Age b. Years of formal education c. Social status d. Income ANS: B Years of formal education is one of the strongest and most consistent correlates with development of moral judgment. It is even stronger than chronologic age. For many people moral development continues as long as the person is in a formal environment, but then plateaus upon leaving school. DIF: Recall REF: p. 16 OBJ: 1 TOP: 7.0 Professional Responsibility | 7.1 Ethical Principles, including informed consent 4. Moral education programs seem to be most effective among which of the following members of society? a. Infants b. Children c. Adolescents d. Adults ANS: D Adults seemed to gain more from such programs than did younger children, most likely because a wider range of life experiences typically enriches a person’s awareness of