Cells and Organelles Questions and Answers

Cells and Organelles Questions and Answers

Question 1.
_____ are unique carbohydrate-based structures that lie above the cell membrane in
certain types of cells that do not make collagen and therefore cannot make an ECM
Correct Answer: cell walls


Question 2.
ligands that bind to a receptor protein and activate its response are called _______
Correct Answer: agonists


Question 3.
the actin monomers of a microfilament have _____, so the microfilaments do too
Correct Answer: directionality


Question 4.
what is the nucleus?
Correct Answer: a membrane-enclosed organelle that contains most of a
eukaryotic cell's genetic material


Question 5.
if a cell in a hypertonic environment has a cell wall, it will experience _____
Correct Answer: plasmolysis


Question 6.
what are the three types of peripheral proteins?
Correct Answer: receptors; adhesion proteins; recognition proteins


Question 7.
_____ is a protein that behaves similarly to fibronectin; found in the basement membrane,
which integrins attach to
Correct Answer: laminin


Question 8.
what are the types of vacuoles?
Correct Answer: transport; food; central; storage; contractile


Question 9.
_____ move 2 molecules in opposite (2) directions
Correct Answer: antiporters


Question 10.
which cells have vacuoles?
Correct Answer: all plants and fungus; some animal, protist, bacteria


Question 11.

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,_____ junctions connect adjacent cells
Correct Answer: cell-cell


Question 12.
the nuclear lamina is made of _____
Correct Answer: intermediate filaments


Question 13.
what is a common manipulation for proteins in the rough ER?
Correct Answer: glycosylation to make glycoproteins


Question 14.
____ is a type of cell-cell junction that connect neighboring cells together via actin
microfilaments
Correct Answer: adherens junctions


Question 15.
what happens to proteins inside the rough ER?
Correct Answer: they are manipulated


Question 16.
ligands that bind to a receptor and prevent it from activating are called _______
Correct Answer: antagonists


Question 17.
what are the two classes of transmembrane proteins involved with facilitated transport?
Correct Answer: channel; carrier


Question 18.
if the solute concentration is lower outside the cell than it is inside the cell, the
environment is _____
Correct Answer: hypotonic


Question 19.
the cytoskeleton is found within the _____ of prokaryotes/eukaryotes
Correct Answer: cytoplasm


Question 20.
_____ filaments provide cytoskeletal support for maintaining cell shape, and they are also
found in the nuclear lamina
Correct Answer: intermediate


Question 21.
_____ is a protein that connects integrins to the network of proteoglycans and collagen in
the ECM
Correct Answer: fibronectin


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, Question 22.
what are the two classes of membrane proteins?
Correct Answer: integral; peripheral


Question 23.
ERs send vesicles to the _____
Correct Answer: cis-face of the Golgi


Question 24.
keratin is a protein that concentrates in _____
Correct Answer: skin, hair, and nails


Question 25.
the loss of intracellular fluid in hypertonic environments causes the cell to _____
Correct Answer: shrivel


Question 26.
_____ describes how large, hydrophilic molecules travel across the bilayer by
transmembrane proteins
Correct Answer: facilitated transport


Question 27.
microfilaments are made of a double helix of two _____ filaments
Correct Answer: actin


Question 28.
_____ vacuoles are temporary food holders that eventually merge with lysosomes for
digestion
Correct Answer: food


Question 29.
alcohol detoxification occurs in the _____ of liver cells
Correct Answer: peroxisomes and smooth ER


Question 30.
_____ is a type of endocytosis where a cell engulfs dissolved materials
Correct Answer: pinocytosis (cellular drinking)


Question 31.
a centrosome contains a pair of _____, which work together to serve as _____ during cell
division in animal cells
Correct Answer: centrioles; microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs)


Question 32.
what is the structure of a prokaryotic ribosome?
Correct Answer: 50S + 30S = 70S

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