Galen BIO 2100 Exam 1 Questions &
Answers
acellular consist of what - ----ANS:viruses and prions
These are not considered living because they are below the level of the cell
Acid-fast cell walls are present in what - ----ANS:mycobacterium
Animals use what and produce what? - ----ANS:use O2 and produce CO2
Bacteria contains what> - ----ANS:peptidoglycan in their cell walls
bacterial cells utilize their flagella for movement through a process called?? -
----ANS:running and tumbling
Carolus Linnaeus - ----ANS:Father of taxonomy
Characteristics of endospores - ----ANS:- highly durable, withstand
dehydration, and have very thick walls, stable for many years
Characteristics of protozoa? - ----ANS:classified by their method of
locomotion, unicellular and all of them are eukaryotic
Consider a gram-positive cell in a hypertonic solution. If the peptidoglycan
were damaged, what would happen to the cell? - ----ANS:The cell would
shrink or crenate
define a biofilm - ----ANS:a thin, slimy film of bacteria that adheres to a solid
surface.
Define a compound microscope - ----ANS:a microscope that uses a series of
lenses to magnify the image.
define a cytoskeleton - ----ANS:made up of microfilaments, intermediate
filaments and microtubules. Resides in a eukaryotic cell
,define a light microscope - ----ANS:(LM) an optical instrument with lenses that
refract (bend) visible light to magnify images and project them into a viewer's
eye or onto photographic film
define a nucleoid - ----ANS:contains the bacterial chromosome
define a prion - ----ANS:proteins that are infectious
define a virus - ----ANS:needs a host to live. Does not have metabolism and
cannot replicate without a host
Define acid stain - ----ANS:an example of differential staining. It's important in
diagnosing mycobacterial infections.
define acid-fast cell walls - ----ANS:they have mycolic acid
define algae - ----ANS:they can make their own sugar using carbon from the
air and energy from sunlight. They live in wet environments
Define amphitrichous - ----ANS:flagella at both ends of the cell
Define an antibiotic - ----ANS:chemicals produced by bacteria and fungi that
inhibit or kill other microbes
define animalia kingdom - ----ANS:includes sponges, worms, insects, and
animals with backbones. they obtain nutrients and energy by ingesting organic
matter from others and through a mouth.
define archaea - ----ANS:does not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls. They
live in very extreme environments
define archaea when it comes to atypical cell walls - ----ANS:some bacteria in
this domain have cell walls made up of polysaccharides and proteins but not
peptidoglycan
Define aseptic technique - ----ANS:Methods and procedures used in the
laboratory to prevent contamination of the work area, the worker and the
cultures with microorganisms.
Define Atrichous - ----ANS:no flagella
, Define atypical cell walls - ----ANS:some prokaryotic cells have no cell wall or
little cell wall material
define bacteriology - ----ANS:study of bacteria
Define biochemistry/metabolism - ----ANS:how things function on a metabolic
level
Define bionomial nomenclature - ----ANS:each organism is referred to by a
two-part name (epithet)
Define bioremediation - ----ANS:some microbes degrade wastes
Define biotechnology - ----ANS:any use of an organism
Define brightfield - ----ANS:a compound light microscope that produces a
brightly illuminated field of view.
Define capsule stain - ----ANS:capsule is visualized as a halo surrounding
stained bacterial cell
Define carbon fixation when it comes to nutrient cycling -
----ANS:photosynthetic organisms can make inorganic carbon (CO2) into
organic carbon (glucose)
Define cell wall when it comes to gram-positive and gram-negative structures -
----ANS:used to differentiate between the two.
contributes to the ability of some species to cause disease
it is the site of action for some antibiotics
define cellular microorganisms - ----ANS:prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Define chemotaxis - ----ANS:propel bacteria towards nutrients or away from
adverse environments
define cilia - ----ANS:numerous and short projections that aid in movement
Define confocal microscopy - ----ANS:technique that only uses one photon of
light to illuminate the specimen.
Answers
acellular consist of what - ----ANS:viruses and prions
These are not considered living because they are below the level of the cell
Acid-fast cell walls are present in what - ----ANS:mycobacterium
Animals use what and produce what? - ----ANS:use O2 and produce CO2
Bacteria contains what> - ----ANS:peptidoglycan in their cell walls
bacterial cells utilize their flagella for movement through a process called?? -
----ANS:running and tumbling
Carolus Linnaeus - ----ANS:Father of taxonomy
Characteristics of endospores - ----ANS:- highly durable, withstand
dehydration, and have very thick walls, stable for many years
Characteristics of protozoa? - ----ANS:classified by their method of
locomotion, unicellular and all of them are eukaryotic
Consider a gram-positive cell in a hypertonic solution. If the peptidoglycan
were damaged, what would happen to the cell? - ----ANS:The cell would
shrink or crenate
define a biofilm - ----ANS:a thin, slimy film of bacteria that adheres to a solid
surface.
Define a compound microscope - ----ANS:a microscope that uses a series of
lenses to magnify the image.
define a cytoskeleton - ----ANS:made up of microfilaments, intermediate
filaments and microtubules. Resides in a eukaryotic cell
,define a light microscope - ----ANS:(LM) an optical instrument with lenses that
refract (bend) visible light to magnify images and project them into a viewer's
eye or onto photographic film
define a nucleoid - ----ANS:contains the bacterial chromosome
define a prion - ----ANS:proteins that are infectious
define a virus - ----ANS:needs a host to live. Does not have metabolism and
cannot replicate without a host
Define acid stain - ----ANS:an example of differential staining. It's important in
diagnosing mycobacterial infections.
define acid-fast cell walls - ----ANS:they have mycolic acid
define algae - ----ANS:they can make their own sugar using carbon from the
air and energy from sunlight. They live in wet environments
Define amphitrichous - ----ANS:flagella at both ends of the cell
Define an antibiotic - ----ANS:chemicals produced by bacteria and fungi that
inhibit or kill other microbes
define animalia kingdom - ----ANS:includes sponges, worms, insects, and
animals with backbones. they obtain nutrients and energy by ingesting organic
matter from others and through a mouth.
define archaea - ----ANS:does not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls. They
live in very extreme environments
define archaea when it comes to atypical cell walls - ----ANS:some bacteria in
this domain have cell walls made up of polysaccharides and proteins but not
peptidoglycan
Define aseptic technique - ----ANS:Methods and procedures used in the
laboratory to prevent contamination of the work area, the worker and the
cultures with microorganisms.
Define Atrichous - ----ANS:no flagella
, Define atypical cell walls - ----ANS:some prokaryotic cells have no cell wall or
little cell wall material
define bacteriology - ----ANS:study of bacteria
Define biochemistry/metabolism - ----ANS:how things function on a metabolic
level
Define bionomial nomenclature - ----ANS:each organism is referred to by a
two-part name (epithet)
Define bioremediation - ----ANS:some microbes degrade wastes
Define biotechnology - ----ANS:any use of an organism
Define brightfield - ----ANS:a compound light microscope that produces a
brightly illuminated field of view.
Define capsule stain - ----ANS:capsule is visualized as a halo surrounding
stained bacterial cell
Define carbon fixation when it comes to nutrient cycling -
----ANS:photosynthetic organisms can make inorganic carbon (CO2) into
organic carbon (glucose)
Define cell wall when it comes to gram-positive and gram-negative structures -
----ANS:used to differentiate between the two.
contributes to the ability of some species to cause disease
it is the site of action for some antibiotics
define cellular microorganisms - ----ANS:prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Define chemotaxis - ----ANS:propel bacteria towards nutrients or away from
adverse environments
define cilia - ----ANS:numerous and short projections that aid in movement
Define confocal microscopy - ----ANS:technique that only uses one photon of
light to illuminate the specimen.
