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SOLUTION MANUAL
An Introduction to Statistical Concepts, 4e
Authors: Debbie L. Hahs-Vaughn & Richard Lomax
,@ProfdocDigitalLibraries <Best Online Study Materials>
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Data Representation
3. Univariate Population Parameters and Sample Statistics
4. The Normal Distribution and Standard Scores
5. Introduction to Probability and Sample Statistics
6. Introduction to Hypothesis Testing: Inferences About a Single Mean
7. Inferences About the Difference Between Two Means
8. Inferences About Proportions
9. Inferences About Variances
10. Bivariate Measures of Association
11. Simple Linear Regression
12. Multiple Regression
13. One-Factor Analysis of Variance—Fixed-Effects Model
14. Multiple-Comparison Procedures
15. Factorial Analysis of Variance—Fixed-Effects Model
16. Introduction to Analysis of Covariance: The One-Factor Fixed-Effects Model With a Single
Covariate
17. Random- and Mixed-Effects Analysis of Variance Models
18. Hierarchical and Randomized Block Analysis of Variance Models
19. Simple Linear Regression
20. Multiple Linear Regression / Advanced Regression Models
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PROBLEMS
Conceptual Problems
1. A mental health counselor is conducting a research study on satisfaction that married
couples have with their marriage. “Marital status” (e.g., single, married, divorced,
widowed), in this scenario, is which one of the following?
a. Constant
b. Variable
2. Belle randomly samples 100 library patrons and gathers data on the genre of the "first book"
that they checked out from the library. She finds that 85 library patrons checked out a fiction
book and 15 library patrons checked out a non-fiction book. Which of the following best
characterizes the type of "first book" checked out in this study?
a. Constant
b. Variable
3. For interval level variables, which of the following properties does not apply?
a. "A" is two units greater than ‘B’
b. "A" is greater than ‘B’
c. "A" is twice as good as ‘B’
d. "A" differs from ‘B’
4. Which of the following properties is appropriate for ordinal, but not for nominal variables?
a. "A" differs from ‘B’
b. "A" is greater than ‘B’
c. "A" is ten units greater than ‘B’
d. "A" is twice as good as ‘B’
5. Which scale of measurement is implied by the following statement: “JoAnn’s score is three
times greater than Oscar’s score?”
a. Nominal
b. Ordinal
c. Interval
d. Ratio
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6. Which scale of measurement is produced the following survey item: "Which season do you
prefer to spend your time? Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter?"
a. Nominal
b. Ordinal
c. Interval
d. Ratio
7. A band director collects data on the number of years in which students in the band have
played a musical instrument. Which scale of measurement is implied by this scenario?
a. Nominal
b. Ordinal
c. Interval
d. Ratio
8. Kristen has an IQ of 120. I assert that Kristen is 20% more intelligent than the average
person having an IQ of 100. Am I correct?
9. Population is to parameter as sample is to statistic. True or false?
10. A dichotomous variable is also a categorical variable. True or false?
11. The amount of time spent studying in one week for a population of students is an inferential
statistic. True or false?
12. A sample of 50 students take an exam and the instructor decides to give the top 5 scores a
bonus of 5 points. Compared to the original set of scores (no bonus), will the ranks of the
new set of scores (including bonus) be exactly the same?
13. Malani and Laila have class ranks of 5 and 6. Ingrid and Toomas have class ranks of 55 and
56. Will the GPAs of Malani and Laila be the same distance apart as the GPAs of Ingrid and
Toomas?
14. Aurora is studying sleep disorders in adults. She gathers data on whether or not they take
medication to assist their sleep. Aurora finds that 1/3 of the adults take medication, and 2/3
do not. Which of the following best characterizes "whether or not medication is taken?"
a. Constant
b. Variable
15. A researcher has collected data that compares an intervention program to a comparison
program. The researcher finds that the intervention program produces results that are four
times better than the comparison program. Which measurement scale is implied and that
will allow the researcher to make this type of interpretation? Select all that apply.
a. Nominal
b. Ordinal
c. Interval
d. Ratio
SOLUTION MANUAL
An Introduction to Statistical Concepts, 4e
Authors: Debbie L. Hahs-Vaughn & Richard Lomax
,@ProfdocDigitalLibraries <Best Online Study Materials>
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Data Representation
3. Univariate Population Parameters and Sample Statistics
4. The Normal Distribution and Standard Scores
5. Introduction to Probability and Sample Statistics
6. Introduction to Hypothesis Testing: Inferences About a Single Mean
7. Inferences About the Difference Between Two Means
8. Inferences About Proportions
9. Inferences About Variances
10. Bivariate Measures of Association
11. Simple Linear Regression
12. Multiple Regression
13. One-Factor Analysis of Variance—Fixed-Effects Model
14. Multiple-Comparison Procedures
15. Factorial Analysis of Variance—Fixed-Effects Model
16. Introduction to Analysis of Covariance: The One-Factor Fixed-Effects Model With a Single
Covariate
17. Random- and Mixed-Effects Analysis of Variance Models
18. Hierarchical and Randomized Block Analysis of Variance Models
19. Simple Linear Regression
20. Multiple Linear Regression / Advanced Regression Models
,@ProfdocDigitalLibraries <Best Online Study Materials>
PROBLEMS
Conceptual Problems
1. A mental health counselor is conducting a research study on satisfaction that married
couples have with their marriage. “Marital status” (e.g., single, married, divorced,
widowed), in this scenario, is which one of the following?
a. Constant
b. Variable
2. Belle randomly samples 100 library patrons and gathers data on the genre of the "first book"
that they checked out from the library. She finds that 85 library patrons checked out a fiction
book and 15 library patrons checked out a non-fiction book. Which of the following best
characterizes the type of "first book" checked out in this study?
a. Constant
b. Variable
3. For interval level variables, which of the following properties does not apply?
a. "A" is two units greater than ‘B’
b. "A" is greater than ‘B’
c. "A" is twice as good as ‘B’
d. "A" differs from ‘B’
4. Which of the following properties is appropriate for ordinal, but not for nominal variables?
a. "A" differs from ‘B’
b. "A" is greater than ‘B’
c. "A" is ten units greater than ‘B’
d. "A" is twice as good as ‘B’
5. Which scale of measurement is implied by the following statement: “JoAnn’s score is three
times greater than Oscar’s score?”
a. Nominal
b. Ordinal
c. Interval
d. Ratio
, @ProfdocDigitalLibraries <Best Online Study Materials>
6. Which scale of measurement is produced the following survey item: "Which season do you
prefer to spend your time? Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter?"
a. Nominal
b. Ordinal
c. Interval
d. Ratio
7. A band director collects data on the number of years in which students in the band have
played a musical instrument. Which scale of measurement is implied by this scenario?
a. Nominal
b. Ordinal
c. Interval
d. Ratio
8. Kristen has an IQ of 120. I assert that Kristen is 20% more intelligent than the average
person having an IQ of 100. Am I correct?
9. Population is to parameter as sample is to statistic. True or false?
10. A dichotomous variable is also a categorical variable. True or false?
11. The amount of time spent studying in one week for a population of students is an inferential
statistic. True or false?
12. A sample of 50 students take an exam and the instructor decides to give the top 5 scores a
bonus of 5 points. Compared to the original set of scores (no bonus), will the ranks of the
new set of scores (including bonus) be exactly the same?
13. Malani and Laila have class ranks of 5 and 6. Ingrid and Toomas have class ranks of 55 and
56. Will the GPAs of Malani and Laila be the same distance apart as the GPAs of Ingrid and
Toomas?
14. Aurora is studying sleep disorders in adults. She gathers data on whether or not they take
medication to assist their sleep. Aurora finds that 1/3 of the adults take medication, and 2/3
do not. Which of the following best characterizes "whether or not medication is taken?"
a. Constant
b. Variable
15. A researcher has collected data that compares an intervention program to a comparison
program. The researcher finds that the intervention program produces results that are four
times better than the comparison program. Which measurement scale is implied and that
will allow the researcher to make this type of interpretation? Select all that apply.
a. Nominal
b. Ordinal
c. Interval
d. Ratio
