NUR 2474 PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 2:
CARDIOVASCULAR, ENDOCRINE, AND
RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS (LATEST 2026/
2027 UPDATE) QUESTIONS AND 100%
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS| GRADE
A+
1. A patient is receiving Digoxin 0.25 mg daily. Which assessment finding should the nurse
prioritize before administration?
A. Apical pulse of 52 beats per minute
B. Blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg
C. Respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute
D. Serum potassium level of 4.5 mEq/L
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside that slows the heart rate. It should
be withheld if the apical pulse is less than 60 bpm to prevent severe bradycardia.
,2. Which laboratory value is most critical for a nurse to monitor in a patient receiving Heparin
via continuous IV infusion?
A. International Normalized Ratio (INR)
B. Prothrombin Time (PT)
C. Platelet count only
D. Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT)
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: aPTT is the standard laboratory test used to monitor the
effectiveness and safety of unfractionated heparin therapy.
3. A patient prescribed Lisinopril for hypertension develops a dry, persistent cough. What is
the physiological cause of this side effect?
A. Decreased production of aldosterone
B. Increased levels of bradykinin
C. Bronchoconstriction caused by beta-blockade
D. Alveolar fluid accumulation
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: ACE inhibitors prevent the breakdown of bradykinin, which can
accumulate in the lungs and cause a dry, hacking cough.
, 4. When teaching a patient about sublingual Nitroglycerin, which instruction is correct?
A. Swallow the tablet with a full glass of water
B. Place the tablet under the tongue and allow it to dissolve
C. Take a tablet every 15 minutes until pain subsides
D. Discard the bottle 1 year after opening
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Sublingual nitroglycerin must dissolve under the tongue for
rapid absorption into the systemic circulation, bypassing first-pass metabolism.
5. A patient is starting Spironolactone for heart failure. The nurse should instruct the patient
to avoid which of the following?
A. Daily weight monitoring
B. High-protein foods
C. Potassium-rich foods like bananas and spinach
D. Moderate exercise
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic. Consuming
excess potassium increases the risk of life-threatening hyperkalemia.
6. Which medication is the antidote for Warfarin toxicity?
A. Protamine sulfate
CARDIOVASCULAR, ENDOCRINE, AND
RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS (LATEST 2026/
2027 UPDATE) QUESTIONS AND 100%
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS| GRADE
A+
1. A patient is receiving Digoxin 0.25 mg daily. Which assessment finding should the nurse
prioritize before administration?
A. Apical pulse of 52 beats per minute
B. Blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg
C. Respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute
D. Serum potassium level of 4.5 mEq/L
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside that slows the heart rate. It should
be withheld if the apical pulse is less than 60 bpm to prevent severe bradycardia.
,2. Which laboratory value is most critical for a nurse to monitor in a patient receiving Heparin
via continuous IV infusion?
A. International Normalized Ratio (INR)
B. Prothrombin Time (PT)
C. Platelet count only
D. Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT)
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: aPTT is the standard laboratory test used to monitor the
effectiveness and safety of unfractionated heparin therapy.
3. A patient prescribed Lisinopril for hypertension develops a dry, persistent cough. What is
the physiological cause of this side effect?
A. Decreased production of aldosterone
B. Increased levels of bradykinin
C. Bronchoconstriction caused by beta-blockade
D. Alveolar fluid accumulation
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: ACE inhibitors prevent the breakdown of bradykinin, which can
accumulate in the lungs and cause a dry, hacking cough.
, 4. When teaching a patient about sublingual Nitroglycerin, which instruction is correct?
A. Swallow the tablet with a full glass of water
B. Place the tablet under the tongue and allow it to dissolve
C. Take a tablet every 15 minutes until pain subsides
D. Discard the bottle 1 year after opening
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Sublingual nitroglycerin must dissolve under the tongue for
rapid absorption into the systemic circulation, bypassing first-pass metabolism.
5. A patient is starting Spironolactone for heart failure. The nurse should instruct the patient
to avoid which of the following?
A. Daily weight monitoring
B. High-protein foods
C. Potassium-rich foods like bananas and spinach
D. Moderate exercise
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic. Consuming
excess potassium increases the risk of life-threatening hyperkalemia.
6. Which medication is the antidote for Warfarin toxicity?
A. Protamine sulfate
