NSG 530 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 -
COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS |
100% CORRECT | GRADE A+ - WILKES
1. A patient is diagnosed with a form of cellular adaptation characterized by the replacement
of one mature cell type with another, less mature cell type. What is this called?
A. Atrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Dysplasia
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one mature cell type
by another, often as a result of chronic irritation or inflammation.
2. During an ischemic event, what is the primary mechanism that leads to cellular swelling?
A. Failure of the sodium-potassium ATPase pump
B. Decrease in intracellular sodium concentration
C. Increased protein synthesis
,D. Increase in aerobic metabolism
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Ischemia leads to ATP depletion, causing the Na-K pump to fail.
Sodium accumulates inside the cell, drawing water in by osmosis, resulting in oncosis
(swelling).
3. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with a ‘peaked T wave’ on an
electrocardiogram (ECG)?
A. Hypocalcemia
B. Hypernatremia
C. Hypomagnesemia
D. Hyperkalemia
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Hyperkalemia causes rapid repolarization of the heart, which
manifests as narrowed and peaked T waves on the ECG.
4. What is the primary characteristic of Turner Syndrome (45, X) regarding genetic
presentation?
A. Trisomy of chromosome 21
B. Extra Y chromosome
C. Klinefelter genotype
, D. Monosomy of the X chromosome
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Turner Syndrome is a condition in females where one X
chromosome is missing (45, X), leading to short stature and sterility.
5. A patient has a pH of 7.25, a pCO2 of 55 mmHg, and a HCO3 of 24 mEq/L. What is the
interpretation?
A. Respiratory Acidosis
B. Respiratory Alkalosis
C. Metabolic Acidosis
D. Metabolic Alkalosis
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The pH is low (acidosis) and the pCO2 is high (respiratory
cause), while the bicarbonate is normal, indicating uncompensated respiratory acidosis.
6. Which type of necrosis is typically seen in the brain following hypoxic injury?
A. Coagulative Necrosis
B. Fat Necrosis
C. Caseous Necrosis
D. Liquefactive Necrosis
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 -
COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS |
100% CORRECT | GRADE A+ - WILKES
1. A patient is diagnosed with a form of cellular adaptation characterized by the replacement
of one mature cell type with another, less mature cell type. What is this called?
A. Atrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Dysplasia
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one mature cell type
by another, often as a result of chronic irritation or inflammation.
2. During an ischemic event, what is the primary mechanism that leads to cellular swelling?
A. Failure of the sodium-potassium ATPase pump
B. Decrease in intracellular sodium concentration
C. Increased protein synthesis
,D. Increase in aerobic metabolism
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Ischemia leads to ATP depletion, causing the Na-K pump to fail.
Sodium accumulates inside the cell, drawing water in by osmosis, resulting in oncosis
(swelling).
3. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with a ‘peaked T wave’ on an
electrocardiogram (ECG)?
A. Hypocalcemia
B. Hypernatremia
C. Hypomagnesemia
D. Hyperkalemia
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Hyperkalemia causes rapid repolarization of the heart, which
manifests as narrowed and peaked T waves on the ECG.
4. What is the primary characteristic of Turner Syndrome (45, X) regarding genetic
presentation?
A. Trisomy of chromosome 21
B. Extra Y chromosome
C. Klinefelter genotype
, D. Monosomy of the X chromosome
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Turner Syndrome is a condition in females where one X
chromosome is missing (45, X), leading to short stature and sterility.
5. A patient has a pH of 7.25, a pCO2 of 55 mmHg, and a HCO3 of 24 mEq/L. What is the
interpretation?
A. Respiratory Acidosis
B. Respiratory Alkalosis
C. Metabolic Acidosis
D. Metabolic Alkalosis
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The pH is low (acidosis) and the pCO2 is high (respiratory
cause), while the bicarbonate is normal, indicating uncompensated respiratory acidosis.
6. Which type of necrosis is typically seen in the brain following hypoxic injury?
A. Coagulative Necrosis
B. Fat Necrosis
C. Caseous Necrosis
D. Liquefactive Necrosis
