NURS6501 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM REVIEW
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS |
100% CORRECT | GRADE A+
1. A patient with chronic hypertension exhibits thickening of the left ventricular wall. Which
cellular process is primarily responsible for this adaptation?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Hypertrophy
D. Atrophy
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of cells in response to
mechanical load or stress, such as hypertension, whereas hyperplasia involves an increase
in cell number.
2. Which mechanism is the primary cause of cellular injury during reperfusion following a
period of ischemia?
A. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
B. Massive influx of intracellular potassium
,C. Restoration of ATP synthesis
D. Inhibition of the sodium-potassium pump
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Reperfusion injury occurs when oxygen is reintroduced to
ischemic tissue, leading to the formation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species that
damage cell membranes.
3. In the cell cycle, which phase is characterized by the replication of DNA?
A. G1 phase
B. S phase
C. G2 phase
D. M phase
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The S phase (Synthesis phase) is when DNA replication occurs,
ensuring that daughter cells receive a full set of genetic material.
4. A 5-year-old child is diagnosed with Cystic Fibrosis. If both parents are asymptomatic
carriers, what is the probability that their next child will also have the disease?
A. 100%
B. 50%
C. 75%
, D. 25%
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Cystic Fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder. When both
parents are carriers (Aa), there is a 25% chance of the offspring being homozygous
recessive (aa).
5. Which of the following describes the inheritance pattern of Huntington Disease?
A. Autosomal dominant
B. X-linked recessive
C. Autosomal recessive
D. Mitochondrial inheritance
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Huntington Disease is an autosomal dominant disorder,
meaning only one copy of the mutated gene is necessary to cause the disease.
6. An EKG shows peaked T-waves and a widened QRS complex. Which electrolyte abnormality
should the nurse suspect?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypomagnesemia
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM REVIEW
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS |
100% CORRECT | GRADE A+
1. A patient with chronic hypertension exhibits thickening of the left ventricular wall. Which
cellular process is primarily responsible for this adaptation?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Hypertrophy
D. Atrophy
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of cells in response to
mechanical load or stress, such as hypertension, whereas hyperplasia involves an increase
in cell number.
2. Which mechanism is the primary cause of cellular injury during reperfusion following a
period of ischemia?
A. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
B. Massive influx of intracellular potassium
,C. Restoration of ATP synthesis
D. Inhibition of the sodium-potassium pump
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Reperfusion injury occurs when oxygen is reintroduced to
ischemic tissue, leading to the formation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species that
damage cell membranes.
3. In the cell cycle, which phase is characterized by the replication of DNA?
A. G1 phase
B. S phase
C. G2 phase
D. M phase
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The S phase (Synthesis phase) is when DNA replication occurs,
ensuring that daughter cells receive a full set of genetic material.
4. A 5-year-old child is diagnosed with Cystic Fibrosis. If both parents are asymptomatic
carriers, what is the probability that their next child will also have the disease?
A. 100%
B. 50%
C. 75%
, D. 25%
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Cystic Fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder. When both
parents are carriers (Aa), there is a 25% chance of the offspring being homozygous
recessive (aa).
5. Which of the following describes the inheritance pattern of Huntington Disease?
A. Autosomal dominant
B. X-linked recessive
C. Autosomal recessive
D. Mitochondrial inheritance
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Huntington Disease is an autosomal dominant disorder,
meaning only one copy of the mutated gene is necessary to cause the disease.
6. An EKG shows peaked T-waves and a widened QRS complex. Which electrolyte abnormality
should the nurse suspect?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypomagnesemia
