Nurs 172 Final Exam
Questions Verified and
Provided with A+ Graded
Answers |Latest Updated
2026
,do people with hypertension have symptoms? if so, what symptoms?
most people do not have symptoms, may only have a headache or dizziness
how do you assess a patient after a cardiac angiography?
assess color, temp, and pulses of legs in which femoral artery was used
what does cardiac catheterization increase the risk for and what do you need to look for?
increases the risk for cardiovascular accident (CVA, stroke); need to look for changes in
neurologic status (i.e. slurred speech and confusion), also bruising and discomfort at site
what are important questions to ask/tests to run BEFORE a patient has a cardiac
catheterization?
ask if they are allergic to seafood or iodine, check BUN for kidney function; patient may
get IV fluid 12-24 hours before the test or during the test
can you have left sided and right sided heart failure at the same time?
yes (can have one or both)
preload increases or decreases with the decrease of contractility?
preload INCREASES with the decrease of contractility
,afterload increases or decreases as a result of increased peripheral resistance?
afterload INCREASES as a result of increased peripheral resistance
Most heart failure begins with failure of the ___ and progresses to failure of both ventricles
left ventricle
what are the typical causes of L sided heart failure?
hypertension, coronary artery disease, and valvular disease
what is a key indicator of L sided heart failure?
decreased tissue perfusion
L sided heart failure can be broken down into two subtypes: name and describe them
-systolic heart failure: the heart cannot contract forcefully enough during systole to eject
adequate amounts of blood; ejection fraction (percentage of blood ejected from heart
during systole) drops from a normal of 50% to 70% to below 40%; results in decreased
tissue perfusion or pulmonary and systemic congestion
-diastolic heart failure: left ventricle cannot relax adequately during diastole; stiffening
prevents ventricle from filling with sufficient blood to ensure adequate cardiac output;
represents about 20% to 40% of all heart failure, primarily in older adults and women who
have chronic hypertension and undetected coronary artery disease; signs and symptoms
similar to systolic heart failure
what are the causes of R-sided heart failure?
L-sided heart failure, right ventricular MI, pulmonary hypertension, chronic cigarette
smoking
, what is R-sided heart failure?
right ventricle cannot empty completely; increased volume and pressure develop in the
venous system and peripheral edema results
assessment of L-sided heart failure
-weakness/fatigue while performing normal ADLs; difficulty breathing or "catching their
breath" (b/c fluid is moving into alveoli)
-presence of S3 gallop (between S1 and S2) ask questions like: are you able to walk
upstairs without fatigue?
assessment of R-sided heart failure
fluid is retained, pressure builds in the venous system (patient may say "my shoes
fit tight"=sign of edema); weight is important because indication that client is gaining or
losing fluid
weakness/fatigue, dizziness, acute confusion, pulmonary congestion, pulmonary
crackles, breathlessness, restlessness, oliguria (low urine output), and cough that
worsens at night are symptoms of what sided heart failure?
L sided heart failure
systemic congestion, jugular distention, enlarged liver/spleen, anorexia, nausea, edema in
legs and sacrum, distended abdomen, swollen hand and fingers, polyuria at night, and
weight gain are symptoms of what sided heart failure?
R sided heart failure
Questions Verified and
Provided with A+ Graded
Answers |Latest Updated
2026
,do people with hypertension have symptoms? if so, what symptoms?
most people do not have symptoms, may only have a headache or dizziness
how do you assess a patient after a cardiac angiography?
assess color, temp, and pulses of legs in which femoral artery was used
what does cardiac catheterization increase the risk for and what do you need to look for?
increases the risk for cardiovascular accident (CVA, stroke); need to look for changes in
neurologic status (i.e. slurred speech and confusion), also bruising and discomfort at site
what are important questions to ask/tests to run BEFORE a patient has a cardiac
catheterization?
ask if they are allergic to seafood or iodine, check BUN for kidney function; patient may
get IV fluid 12-24 hours before the test or during the test
can you have left sided and right sided heart failure at the same time?
yes (can have one or both)
preload increases or decreases with the decrease of contractility?
preload INCREASES with the decrease of contractility
,afterload increases or decreases as a result of increased peripheral resistance?
afterload INCREASES as a result of increased peripheral resistance
Most heart failure begins with failure of the ___ and progresses to failure of both ventricles
left ventricle
what are the typical causes of L sided heart failure?
hypertension, coronary artery disease, and valvular disease
what is a key indicator of L sided heart failure?
decreased tissue perfusion
L sided heart failure can be broken down into two subtypes: name and describe them
-systolic heart failure: the heart cannot contract forcefully enough during systole to eject
adequate amounts of blood; ejection fraction (percentage of blood ejected from heart
during systole) drops from a normal of 50% to 70% to below 40%; results in decreased
tissue perfusion or pulmonary and systemic congestion
-diastolic heart failure: left ventricle cannot relax adequately during diastole; stiffening
prevents ventricle from filling with sufficient blood to ensure adequate cardiac output;
represents about 20% to 40% of all heart failure, primarily in older adults and women who
have chronic hypertension and undetected coronary artery disease; signs and symptoms
similar to systolic heart failure
what are the causes of R-sided heart failure?
L-sided heart failure, right ventricular MI, pulmonary hypertension, chronic cigarette
smoking
, what is R-sided heart failure?
right ventricle cannot empty completely; increased volume and pressure develop in the
venous system and peripheral edema results
assessment of L-sided heart failure
-weakness/fatigue while performing normal ADLs; difficulty breathing or "catching their
breath" (b/c fluid is moving into alveoli)
-presence of S3 gallop (between S1 and S2) ask questions like: are you able to walk
upstairs without fatigue?
assessment of R-sided heart failure
fluid is retained, pressure builds in the venous system (patient may say "my shoes
fit tight"=sign of edema); weight is important because indication that client is gaining or
losing fluid
weakness/fatigue, dizziness, acute confusion, pulmonary congestion, pulmonary
crackles, breathlessness, restlessness, oliguria (low urine output), and cough that
worsens at night are symptoms of what sided heart failure?
L sided heart failure
systemic congestion, jugular distention, enlarged liver/spleen, anorexia, nausea, edema in
legs and sacrum, distended abdomen, swollen hand and fingers, polyuria at night, and
weight gain are symptoms of what sided heart failure?
R sided heart failure
