PSYCH 2210 EXAM 1 VERIFIED STUDY GUIDE
Phantom Limb - Answers - A phantom limb is the sensation that an amputated or
missing limb is still attached. Approximately 60 to 80% of individuals with an amputation
experience phantom sensations in their amputated limb, and the majority of the
sensations are painful.
Blindsight - Answers - Blindsight is the ability of people who are cortically blind due to
lesions in their primary visual cortex or V1, to respond to visual stimuli that they do not
consciously see.
Neglect Syndrome - Answers - This is a neuropsychological condition in which, after
damage to one hemisphere of the brain is sustained, a deficit in attention to and
awareness of one side of space is observed.
Capgras Delusion - Answers - A disorder in which a person holds a delusion that a
friend, spouse, parent, or other close family member (or pet) has been replaced by an
identical-looking impostor.
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy - Answers - (TLE) is a chronic disorder of the nervous system
characterized by recurrent, unprovoked focal seizures (also known as partial seizures)
that originate in the temporal lobe of the brain and last about one or two minutes. TLE is
the most common form of epilepsy with focal seizures.
Aristotle - Answers - He explored questions about thought, and emotion. He was often
wrong... and did not test his hypothesis. He also said that women were inferior to men.
Galen- Physician - Answers - He studied gladiators. Linked brain injury to deficits
(mental) and believed that thoughts resided in the ventricles.
Hippocrates- Physician - Answers - Known as the "Father of Modern Medicine."
Believed in the importance of testing your hypothesis (empirical approach). Thought that
your brain was a seat of thoughts and emotions.
LeonardoDaVinci - Answers - Fascinated by human anatomy
Rene Descartes - Answers - Dualism: Non-material soul. Material body.
Proposed the idea that the body is a machine. There are spinal reflexes and neural
pathways.
Thomas Willis - Physician and Neuroscientist - Answers - Founder of the clinical
neuroscience (beginning). He drew an atlas of the brain and linked the brain to
behavior. Circle of Willis (also known as a brain freeze)
, Franz Gall - Answers - Phrenology (had zero evidence)... Pseudoscience: claimed the
bumps on the skull can be related to measure the brain and personality traits.
Localization of Function - Answers - Phrenology
- maps based anecdote
-claims that each region of the brain has its own independent function for the body.
Modern Neuroscience - Answers - Based on empirical methods: systematic research,
controlled experiments.
Findings: some degree of specialization of neurons in particular regions.
- functions are processed by brain circuits. Not one to one correspondence.
Paul Broca - Answers - "Broca's Speech Area
- Observations include: patient with left fontal lesion, could not speak but otherwise had
good cognitive abilities. Suggested a specialized language facility in the brain. Works
with other parts of the brain to form speech. Advances in experimental methodology. --
the brain can be measured by activity.
Somatic Intervention - Answers - Altering the structure/function of the brain/body to see
how this changes behavior. Behavioral intervention = the opposite
Behavioral Intervention - Answers - This introduces a stimulus or condition (IV) and can
measure change in the body or brain (DV)
An example of this is when a subject does not want to do school work, and interrupts
the class, and shows aggression toward teachers and the students.
Independent Variable vs. Dependent Variable. - Answers - IV: the one being changed or
controlled
DV: the one being studied.
Within- Subject Design - Answers - in which all participants are exposed to every
treatment or condition. The term treatment is used to describe the different levels of the
independent variable.
Control Group - Answers - the group in an experiment or study that does not receive
treatment by the researchers and is then used as a benchmark to measure how the
other tested subjects do
Correlation - Answers - A mutual relationship between two or more things
Positive Correlation - Answers - A relationship between two variables in which both
variables move in tandem. A positive correlation exists when one variable decreases as
the other variable decreases, or one variable increases while the other increases.
Negative Correlation - Answers - A relationship between two variables in which one
variable increases as the other decreases, and vice versa.
Phantom Limb - Answers - A phantom limb is the sensation that an amputated or
missing limb is still attached. Approximately 60 to 80% of individuals with an amputation
experience phantom sensations in their amputated limb, and the majority of the
sensations are painful.
Blindsight - Answers - Blindsight is the ability of people who are cortically blind due to
lesions in their primary visual cortex or V1, to respond to visual stimuli that they do not
consciously see.
Neglect Syndrome - Answers - This is a neuropsychological condition in which, after
damage to one hemisphere of the brain is sustained, a deficit in attention to and
awareness of one side of space is observed.
Capgras Delusion - Answers - A disorder in which a person holds a delusion that a
friend, spouse, parent, or other close family member (or pet) has been replaced by an
identical-looking impostor.
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy - Answers - (TLE) is a chronic disorder of the nervous system
characterized by recurrent, unprovoked focal seizures (also known as partial seizures)
that originate in the temporal lobe of the brain and last about one or two minutes. TLE is
the most common form of epilepsy with focal seizures.
Aristotle - Answers - He explored questions about thought, and emotion. He was often
wrong... and did not test his hypothesis. He also said that women were inferior to men.
Galen- Physician - Answers - He studied gladiators. Linked brain injury to deficits
(mental) and believed that thoughts resided in the ventricles.
Hippocrates- Physician - Answers - Known as the "Father of Modern Medicine."
Believed in the importance of testing your hypothesis (empirical approach). Thought that
your brain was a seat of thoughts and emotions.
LeonardoDaVinci - Answers - Fascinated by human anatomy
Rene Descartes - Answers - Dualism: Non-material soul. Material body.
Proposed the idea that the body is a machine. There are spinal reflexes and neural
pathways.
Thomas Willis - Physician and Neuroscientist - Answers - Founder of the clinical
neuroscience (beginning). He drew an atlas of the brain and linked the brain to
behavior. Circle of Willis (also known as a brain freeze)
, Franz Gall - Answers - Phrenology (had zero evidence)... Pseudoscience: claimed the
bumps on the skull can be related to measure the brain and personality traits.
Localization of Function - Answers - Phrenology
- maps based anecdote
-claims that each region of the brain has its own independent function for the body.
Modern Neuroscience - Answers - Based on empirical methods: systematic research,
controlled experiments.
Findings: some degree of specialization of neurons in particular regions.
- functions are processed by brain circuits. Not one to one correspondence.
Paul Broca - Answers - "Broca's Speech Area
- Observations include: patient with left fontal lesion, could not speak but otherwise had
good cognitive abilities. Suggested a specialized language facility in the brain. Works
with other parts of the brain to form speech. Advances in experimental methodology. --
the brain can be measured by activity.
Somatic Intervention - Answers - Altering the structure/function of the brain/body to see
how this changes behavior. Behavioral intervention = the opposite
Behavioral Intervention - Answers - This introduces a stimulus or condition (IV) and can
measure change in the body or brain (DV)
An example of this is when a subject does not want to do school work, and interrupts
the class, and shows aggression toward teachers and the students.
Independent Variable vs. Dependent Variable. - Answers - IV: the one being changed or
controlled
DV: the one being studied.
Within- Subject Design - Answers - in which all participants are exposed to every
treatment or condition. The term treatment is used to describe the different levels of the
independent variable.
Control Group - Answers - the group in an experiment or study that does not receive
treatment by the researchers and is then used as a benchmark to measure how the
other tested subjects do
Correlation - Answers - A mutual relationship between two or more things
Positive Correlation - Answers - A relationship between two variables in which both
variables move in tandem. A positive correlation exists when one variable decreases as
the other variable decreases, or one variable increases while the other increases.
Negative Correlation - Answers - A relationship between two variables in which one
variable increases as the other decreases, and vice versa.
