PSY 2210 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
Zone of proximal development - Answers - It's a skill of task that is too difficult for a child
to learn on their own. They need help from a parent or more knowledgeable peer.
Scaffolding - Answers - A degree of assistance provided to the learner in the Zone of
Proximal Development gradually decreasing as the learner's skills develop.
Example of Scaffolding - Answers - would be anything an adult can do to break down
the task and make it simpler for the child to complete it
Preoperational period - Answers - A cognitive stage from 2 - 7 during which the child
becomes capable of representing the world.
Egocentrism - Answers - Cognitive inability to distinguish from one's own perspective
and another person's.
Centration - Answers - Piaget's term for child's ability to ignore everything except the
most important aspect.
collective monologues - Answers - Think of Tara and Tekla's early phone conversations.
Each child follows their own topic.
theory of mind - Answers - The ability to to understand your own thinking process as
well as other's.
appearance/ reality confusion - Answers - The confusion that children have when the
appearance changes the thing itself. Put a dress on a Ken doll he becomes a girl. The
girl dressed as a princess really in a princess at Disney Land.
What is the 3 mountain problem and what does it test? - Answers - 1) If you interview a
kid that has never seen Mnts. They may not know what you are asking for.
2) Memory
3) Language - can't encode what the researcher asked
Describe the conservation of liquid (or number) task and how a preoperational child
would perform and why. - Answers - The child would either focus on the width or height
or think that one glass has more liquid in one or the other.
Be able to give an example of an appearance/reality task (cat in dog mask, or
rock/sponge) and how preoperational children perform and why. - Answers - Maynard
cat gets a dog mask. Kids don't understand their own thinking. What was Maynard when
you 1st came in? Maynard was a dog.
, What helps children to perform better on false-belief or appearance reality tasks -
Answers - Sally-Ann Smarty task. Sally cleans up and puts the ball in the basket and
then leaves. Silly Ann puts the ball in the box. The child is asked where will Sally think
the ball is? The child will say the box if they don't have theory of mind.
What develops, according to the information processing approach? - Answers - 3
elements of info processing 1) sensory register 2) working memory 3) long term
memory
Strategies a) rehearsal b) coding c) decisions e) attention f) retrieval strategies
(The 3 things that develop - Memory - Attention - Strategies)
What is theory of mind and how is it tested? - Answers - The ability to understanding
other person's POV or mental states. Perspective taking. Box of crayons with M&M's.
What's mommy going to think is in the box? Until 5 or 6 young children don't have
theory of mind.
prosocial behavior - Answers - Positive behavior towards others
Empathy - Answers - Ability to understand and respond helpfully to another person's
distress
socialization - Answers - Learning the standards values and knowledge of your society
Self-concept - Answers - (Qualitative) Person's perception and evaluation of themselves
gender-role identity - Answers - (Kohlberg) Cultural expectations for appearance &
behavior specific to males or females
gender stability - Answers - : (Kohlberg) Boys grow up to be men and girls grow up to
be women. Children understand that their gender will be stable over time.
gender constancy - Answers - (Kohlberg) The child knows that the person will stay the
same gender no matter what they wear.
Self-regulation - Answers - The ability to regulate ones emotions, behavior and internal
states.
Understand Bandura theory of gender development - Answers - Modeling the same
gender as others
Differential Reinforcement - Different punishments based on child's gender
Understand Kohlberg's theories on gender development - Answers - There are 3 stages
of gaining sex role supported by emerging cognitive abilities
Zone of proximal development - Answers - It's a skill of task that is too difficult for a child
to learn on their own. They need help from a parent or more knowledgeable peer.
Scaffolding - Answers - A degree of assistance provided to the learner in the Zone of
Proximal Development gradually decreasing as the learner's skills develop.
Example of Scaffolding - Answers - would be anything an adult can do to break down
the task and make it simpler for the child to complete it
Preoperational period - Answers - A cognitive stage from 2 - 7 during which the child
becomes capable of representing the world.
Egocentrism - Answers - Cognitive inability to distinguish from one's own perspective
and another person's.
Centration - Answers - Piaget's term for child's ability to ignore everything except the
most important aspect.
collective monologues - Answers - Think of Tara and Tekla's early phone conversations.
Each child follows their own topic.
theory of mind - Answers - The ability to to understand your own thinking process as
well as other's.
appearance/ reality confusion - Answers - The confusion that children have when the
appearance changes the thing itself. Put a dress on a Ken doll he becomes a girl. The
girl dressed as a princess really in a princess at Disney Land.
What is the 3 mountain problem and what does it test? - Answers - 1) If you interview a
kid that has never seen Mnts. They may not know what you are asking for.
2) Memory
3) Language - can't encode what the researcher asked
Describe the conservation of liquid (or number) task and how a preoperational child
would perform and why. - Answers - The child would either focus on the width or height
or think that one glass has more liquid in one or the other.
Be able to give an example of an appearance/reality task (cat in dog mask, or
rock/sponge) and how preoperational children perform and why. - Answers - Maynard
cat gets a dog mask. Kids don't understand their own thinking. What was Maynard when
you 1st came in? Maynard was a dog.
, What helps children to perform better on false-belief or appearance reality tasks -
Answers - Sally-Ann Smarty task. Sally cleans up and puts the ball in the basket and
then leaves. Silly Ann puts the ball in the box. The child is asked where will Sally think
the ball is? The child will say the box if they don't have theory of mind.
What develops, according to the information processing approach? - Answers - 3
elements of info processing 1) sensory register 2) working memory 3) long term
memory
Strategies a) rehearsal b) coding c) decisions e) attention f) retrieval strategies
(The 3 things that develop - Memory - Attention - Strategies)
What is theory of mind and how is it tested? - Answers - The ability to understanding
other person's POV or mental states. Perspective taking. Box of crayons with M&M's.
What's mommy going to think is in the box? Until 5 or 6 young children don't have
theory of mind.
prosocial behavior - Answers - Positive behavior towards others
Empathy - Answers - Ability to understand and respond helpfully to another person's
distress
socialization - Answers - Learning the standards values and knowledge of your society
Self-concept - Answers - (Qualitative) Person's perception and evaluation of themselves
gender-role identity - Answers - (Kohlberg) Cultural expectations for appearance &
behavior specific to males or females
gender stability - Answers - : (Kohlberg) Boys grow up to be men and girls grow up to
be women. Children understand that their gender will be stable over time.
gender constancy - Answers - (Kohlberg) The child knows that the person will stay the
same gender no matter what they wear.
Self-regulation - Answers - The ability to regulate ones emotions, behavior and internal
states.
Understand Bandura theory of gender development - Answers - Modeling the same
gender as others
Differential Reinforcement - Different punishments based on child's gender
Understand Kohlberg's theories on gender development - Answers - There are 3 stages
of gaining sex role supported by emerging cognitive abilities
