PSY 2210 EXAM 1 VERIFIED STUDY GUIDE
physiological psychology - Answers - the study of all behavioral phenomena in both
nonhuman and human animals in an attempts to understand the physiology of behavior
generalization - Answers - based on observations of phenomenon
reduction - Answers - based on describing phenomenon by understanding its underlying
process
reduction - Answers - method used by physiologists
reduction and generalization - Answers - method used by psychologists
Rene Descartes - Answers - believed that animals and humans were merely machines
that responded to the environment automatically and involuntarily.
credited for putting together the first workable, theoretical model for how the brain
controls behavior
reflex - Answers - automatic response
Luige Galvani - Answers - discovered that electoral stimulation of the nerves within a
frogs leg caused contractions, even without the CNS intact
Johannes Muller - Answers - experimental removal of isolation of organs and
stimulating the organ with chemicals to observe how they respond
Doctrine of specific nerve energies - Answers - all nerves carry basic messages or
electrical impulses.
-Johanses Muller came up with this theory
Pierre Flourens - Answers - used experimental ablation to identify the function of
specific cortical regions of the brain
Paul Broca - Answers - (Broca's area)- identified the very specific cortical center of
speech.
Charles Darwin - Answers - theories of natural selection and evolution gave rise to
*functionalism* or the belief that characteristics of living organisms perform useful
functions that promote survival
central nervous system - Answers - brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system - Answers - nerves and sensory organs
, sensory, motor, interneurons - Answers - 3 cells of nervous system
sensory neurons - Answers - receive info from external or internal environment and
sends info to brain
motor neurons - Answers - controls contractions of muscles
interneurons - Answers - connect sensory and motor neurons
Nodes of Ranvier - Answers - naked portion along axons that aide in the speed in which
action potentials are trafficking through the axon
multipolar, bipolar, unipolar - Answers - 3 types of nerve cells
multipolar neuron - Answers - 1 axon and many dendrites attached to soma
bipolar neuron - Answers - an axon and 1 dendrite attached to soma, usually conducting
sensory info from the environment to CNS
unipolar neuron - Answers - the axon and dendritic branches form one long appendage
with a short stock attaching it to the soma, transmits sensory info from outside the PNS
to the CNS
mitochondria - Answers - breaks down nutrients for energy for cell by producing ATP
microtubules - Answers - protein strand in axon used to transport substances along
axon
glia cells - Answers - support and hold neurons in place (nervous system support cells)
astrocytes - Answers - physical support, clean up debris and dead cells, get nutrients
from blood and give to neurons
oligodendrocytes - Answers - produce myelin sheath
Schwann cells - Answers - support axons and produce myelin in PNS
membrane potential - Answers - electrical charge across a cell membrane. it is the
difference in electrical potential inside the cell in comparison to the fluid bathing the
outside of cell
threshold of excitation - Answers - membrane potential that must be reached for action
potential to occur
physiological psychology - Answers - the study of all behavioral phenomena in both
nonhuman and human animals in an attempts to understand the physiology of behavior
generalization - Answers - based on observations of phenomenon
reduction - Answers - based on describing phenomenon by understanding its underlying
process
reduction - Answers - method used by physiologists
reduction and generalization - Answers - method used by psychologists
Rene Descartes - Answers - believed that animals and humans were merely machines
that responded to the environment automatically and involuntarily.
credited for putting together the first workable, theoretical model for how the brain
controls behavior
reflex - Answers - automatic response
Luige Galvani - Answers - discovered that electoral stimulation of the nerves within a
frogs leg caused contractions, even without the CNS intact
Johannes Muller - Answers - experimental removal of isolation of organs and
stimulating the organ with chemicals to observe how they respond
Doctrine of specific nerve energies - Answers - all nerves carry basic messages or
electrical impulses.
-Johanses Muller came up with this theory
Pierre Flourens - Answers - used experimental ablation to identify the function of
specific cortical regions of the brain
Paul Broca - Answers - (Broca's area)- identified the very specific cortical center of
speech.
Charles Darwin - Answers - theories of natural selection and evolution gave rise to
*functionalism* or the belief that characteristics of living organisms perform useful
functions that promote survival
central nervous system - Answers - brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system - Answers - nerves and sensory organs
, sensory, motor, interneurons - Answers - 3 cells of nervous system
sensory neurons - Answers - receive info from external or internal environment and
sends info to brain
motor neurons - Answers - controls contractions of muscles
interneurons - Answers - connect sensory and motor neurons
Nodes of Ranvier - Answers - naked portion along axons that aide in the speed in which
action potentials are trafficking through the axon
multipolar, bipolar, unipolar - Answers - 3 types of nerve cells
multipolar neuron - Answers - 1 axon and many dendrites attached to soma
bipolar neuron - Answers - an axon and 1 dendrite attached to soma, usually conducting
sensory info from the environment to CNS
unipolar neuron - Answers - the axon and dendritic branches form one long appendage
with a short stock attaching it to the soma, transmits sensory info from outside the PNS
to the CNS
mitochondria - Answers - breaks down nutrients for energy for cell by producing ATP
microtubules - Answers - protein strand in axon used to transport substances along
axon
glia cells - Answers - support and hold neurons in place (nervous system support cells)
astrocytes - Answers - physical support, clean up debris and dead cells, get nutrients
from blood and give to neurons
oligodendrocytes - Answers - produce myelin sheath
Schwann cells - Answers - support axons and produce myelin in PNS
membrane potential - Answers - electrical charge across a cell membrane. it is the
difference in electrical potential inside the cell in comparison to the fluid bathing the
outside of cell
threshold of excitation - Answers - membrane potential that must be reached for action
potential to occur
