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,DSM - 5 - TR
The DSM-5-TR describes all mental disorders, outlining specific diagnostic criteria for
each based on clinical experience and research. Mental health clinicians who diagnose
psychiatric disorders use this diagnostic taxonomy in the United States and some other
countries.
Factors affecting mental health
Biological
Negative influences
Environmental/experiences
Health practices
Personalitytraits
Family/friends/community
Culture/regional differences
Spiritual/religion
Defense mechanisms
the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
Compensation
Overachievement in one area to offset real or perceived deficiencies in another area •
Napoleon complex: diminutive man becoming emperor • Nurse with low self-esteem
working double shifts so that their supervisor will like them
, Conversion
Expression of an emotional conflict through the development of a physical symptom,
usually sensorimotor in nature • Teenager forbidden to see X-rated movies is tempted to
do so by friends and develops blindness, and the teenager is unconcerned about the loss
of sight
Denial
Failure to acknowledge an unbearable condition; failure to admit the reality of a situation
or how one enables the problem to continue • Person with diabetes eating chocolate
candy • Spending money freely when broke • Waiting 3 days to seek help for severe
abdominal pain
displacement
Ventilation of intense feelings toward people less threatening than the one who aroused
those feelings • Person who is mad at the boss yells at their spouse • Child who is
harassed by a bully at school mistreats a younger sibling
dissociation
Dealing with emotional conflict by a temporary alteration in consciousness or identity
• Amnesia that prevents recall of yesterday's auto accident • Adult remembers
nothing of childhood sexual abuse
Fixation