EACVI AEPC Echo CHD 2026 Practice Test: Congenital
Heart Disease Echocardiography Questions, Answers &
Explanations | Exam Preparation Study Guide
Part I — Principles, Imaging and Segmental Analysis
1. Which sequence is most appropriate for a systematic segmental
echocardiographic assessment of congenital heart disease?
A. Ventricular function → valves → atria → great arteries
B. Situs → venous connections → atria → AV connections → ventricles → VA
connections → great arteries
C. Aorta → pulmonary artery → ventricles → atria
D. Valves → coronary arteries → pericardium → septa
Answer: B
Explanation: A segmental approach starts with situs and systemic/pulmonary venous
connections, followed by atrial morphology, AV connections, ventricular morphology, VA
connections and great arteries.
2. In a patient with congenital heart disease, ventricular morphology is primarily
determined by:
,A. Ventricular position
B. Ventricular size
C. Morphological features of the ventricles
D. ECG axis
Answer: C
Explanation: Morphological identification is based on features such as trabeculation,
moderator band, AV valve morphology and papillary muscle arrangement rather than simple
position.
3. Which valve is normally more apical?
A. Mitral
B. Tricuspid
C. Aortic
D. Pulmonary
Answer: B
Explanation: The normal tricuspid valve inserts more apically than the mitral valve. Loss or
reversal of this relationship can help identify abnormal AV connections.
4. The moderator band is characteristic of the:
A. Left ventricle
B. Right ventricle
C. Left atrium
D. Right atrium
,Answer: B
Explanation: The moderator band is a prominent muscular structure within the
morphological right ventricle.
5. Which feature is most characteristic of the morphological left ventricle?
A. Prominent moderator band
B. Coarse trabeculation
C. Fine trabeculation and ellipsoid cavity
D. Apical displacement of the AV valve
Answer: C
Explanation: The morphological LV has relatively fine trabeculation, a smooth septal surface
and an ellipsoid configuration.
6. In situs solitus, the morphological right atrium is usually:
A. Left sided
B. Right sided
C. Midline
D. Posterior to the left atrium
Answer: B
Explanation: In normal situs solitus, the morphological right atrium is located on the right
side.
7. Which vessel normally enters the right atrium?
, A. Pulmonary veins
B. Superior and inferior vena cava
C. Pulmonary artery
D. Descending aorta
Answer: B
Explanation: Systemic venous return from the SVC and IVC enters the right atrium.
8. The pulmonary veins normally drain into the:
A. Right atrium
B. Coronary sinus
C. Left atrium
D. Right ventricle
Answer: C
Explanation: Four pulmonary veins normally return oxygenated blood to the left atrium,
although anatomical variations are common.
9. Which imaging plane is particularly useful for evaluating the atrial septum?
A. Apical four-chamber
B. Parasternal short-axis at the aortic valve
C. Suprasternal notch only
D. Subcostal four-chamber and sagittal views
Answer: D
Heart Disease Echocardiography Questions, Answers &
Explanations | Exam Preparation Study Guide
Part I — Principles, Imaging and Segmental Analysis
1. Which sequence is most appropriate for a systematic segmental
echocardiographic assessment of congenital heart disease?
A. Ventricular function → valves → atria → great arteries
B. Situs → venous connections → atria → AV connections → ventricles → VA
connections → great arteries
C. Aorta → pulmonary artery → ventricles → atria
D. Valves → coronary arteries → pericardium → septa
Answer: B
Explanation: A segmental approach starts with situs and systemic/pulmonary venous
connections, followed by atrial morphology, AV connections, ventricular morphology, VA
connections and great arteries.
2. In a patient with congenital heart disease, ventricular morphology is primarily
determined by:
,A. Ventricular position
B. Ventricular size
C. Morphological features of the ventricles
D. ECG axis
Answer: C
Explanation: Morphological identification is based on features such as trabeculation,
moderator band, AV valve morphology and papillary muscle arrangement rather than simple
position.
3. Which valve is normally more apical?
A. Mitral
B. Tricuspid
C. Aortic
D. Pulmonary
Answer: B
Explanation: The normal tricuspid valve inserts more apically than the mitral valve. Loss or
reversal of this relationship can help identify abnormal AV connections.
4. The moderator band is characteristic of the:
A. Left ventricle
B. Right ventricle
C. Left atrium
D. Right atrium
,Answer: B
Explanation: The moderator band is a prominent muscular structure within the
morphological right ventricle.
5. Which feature is most characteristic of the morphological left ventricle?
A. Prominent moderator band
B. Coarse trabeculation
C. Fine trabeculation and ellipsoid cavity
D. Apical displacement of the AV valve
Answer: C
Explanation: The morphological LV has relatively fine trabeculation, a smooth septal surface
and an ellipsoid configuration.
6. In situs solitus, the morphological right atrium is usually:
A. Left sided
B. Right sided
C. Midline
D. Posterior to the left atrium
Answer: B
Explanation: In normal situs solitus, the morphological right atrium is located on the right
side.
7. Which vessel normally enters the right atrium?
, A. Pulmonary veins
B. Superior and inferior vena cava
C. Pulmonary artery
D. Descending aorta
Answer: B
Explanation: Systemic venous return from the SVC and IVC enters the right atrium.
8. The pulmonary veins normally drain into the:
A. Right atrium
B. Coronary sinus
C. Left atrium
D. Right ventricle
Answer: C
Explanation: Four pulmonary veins normally return oxygenated blood to the left atrium,
although anatomical variations are common.
9. Which imaging plane is particularly useful for evaluating the atrial septum?
A. Apical four-chamber
B. Parasternal short-axis at the aortic valve
C. Suprasternal notch only
D. Subcostal four-chamber and sagittal views
Answer: D
