Biology Ii Exam #2 Updated Actual Questions And Correct Answers

BIOLOGY II EXAM #2 UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. 4 major types of plant organ systems
Answer:
1. reproductive organs
2. leaf
3. stem
4. roots

Question:
2. why are vascular plants better able to sustain photosynthesis than bryophytes?
Answer:
vascular plants have root systems that help them take up water from the ground
- water is needed for photosynthesis
- bryophytes (nonvascular) can only rely on water on the surface

Question:
3. where does photosynthesis occur?
Answer:
leaf of a plant

Question:
4. transpiration
Answer:
loss of water vapor from leaves

Question:
5. why do plants transpire?
Answer:
CO2 uptake --> carbon atoms used to produce carbohydrates in Calvin Cycle --> results in water loss




Question:
6. why are transpiration rates very high?
Answer:
the water vapor concentration gradient
- CO2 concentration difference driving the diffusion of CO2 into the leaf is much smaller than the
concentration difference driving the diffusion of water out of the cell

,Question:
7. 3 major tissues of the leaf
Answer:
1. dermal tissue
2. ground tissue
3. vascular tissue




Question:
8. example of dermal tissue
Answer:
epidermis

Question:
9. epidermis
Answer:
outermost layer of cells

Question:
10. example of ground tissue
Answer:
mesophyll

Question:
11. mesophyll
Answer:
tissue of loosely packed photosynthetic cells

Question:
12. example of vascular tissue
Answer:
xylem, phloem

Question:
13. veins
Answer:
system of vascular conduits within the leaf

Question:
14. how do plants sustain such high rates of water loss?
Answer:
by obtaining water from the soil

,Question:
15. 2 structures that help minimize water loss
Answer:
1. stomata
2. waxy cuticle

Question:
16. stomata
Answer:
pores in the epidermis
- allows gasses to diffuse into/out of the leaf
- compromises b/n minimizing water loss & providing CO2 uptake
- open/closes to maintain water balance




Question:
17. guard cells
Answer:
two cells that surround central pore of stomata
- stomata opens, guard cells swell & pump in solutes --> water diffuses in through osmosis
- stomata closes, guard cells shrink & pump out solutes --> water diffuses out through osmosis




Question:
18. waxy cuticle
Answer:
waterproof layer to stop water loss due to photosynthesis




Question:
19. 3 types of photosynthesis

, Answer:
1. C3
2. CAM
3. C4

Question:
20. C3 plants
Answer:
plants that use the Calvin Cycle for the initial steps of photosynthesis that incorporate CO2 into
carbohydrates
- no separation of initial carbon fixation & Calvin Cycle
- 85% of plants




Question:
21. where does the "C3" come from?
Answer:
3-carbon molecule (3-PGA) that is produced from the Calvin Cycle

Question:
22. CAM plants
Answer:
plants that store CO2 (open stomata) at night to avoid water loss, close stomata during the day
- separates initial carbon fixation & Calvin Cycle by time
- cacti, succulents, plants that grow in dry environments




Question:
23. where does the majority of the Calvin Cycle occur in CAM plants?
Answer:
mesophyll cells