NUR 239 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
NUR 239 STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST
2026/2027
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Terms in this set (91)
Cardinal Sings of Local Inflammation - redness
- heat
- pain
- swelling
- loss of function
,vascular stage of acute inflammation Comprised of increase blood flow and increased
vascular permeability
- Microcirculation (arterioles, capillaries, venules)
- Process begins with:
· Brief vasoconstriction of arterioles immediately
following injury
· Followed by vasodilation of arterioles, capillary
beds
· Increased permeability of microcirculation
- Vasodilation = redness and heat
- Increased capillary permeability -> leaking of fluid
(exudate) = swelling, pain, loss of function
· Acts to dilute toxins/chemicals, enhances clot
formation, recruits WBCs to area
· Localizes spread of microbes
· Aided by histamine, bradykinin, prostaglandins, and
other chemical mediators
· Fibrin helps with clotting
3 patterns for vascular changes 1.) Immediate transient responce
2.) Immediate sustained response
3.) Delayed hemodynamic response
immediate transient response -After minor injury
-Short duration (15-30 minutes)
-reversible
-Venules
, immediate sustained response - after serious injury
- continues for several days
- affects all types of blood vessels
delayed hemodynamic response venules and capillaries
Cellular Stage of Acute Inflammation endothelial cell activation
1. Margination (accumulation of WBCs), adhesion of
WBCs to endothelium
2. Transmigration of WBCs across endothelium
3. Chemotaxis (cell migration)
4. Activation and phagocytosis
Serous exudate watery, plasma fluid, low in protein
Hemorrhagic exudate severe bleeding or loss of blood plasma
RBCs
fibrinous exudate fibrinogen, thick & sticky
Membranous or Pseudomembranous develop on mucous membrane surfaces and are
exudates composed of necrotic cells, fibrin and purulent
exudate
acute inflammation - rapid onset
- shorter duration
- fluid, plasma proteins
- Vascular stage = brief vasoconstriction then
vasodilatation, increased permeability, blood flow,
clotting
- Phagocytosis by neutrophils
NUR 239 STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST
2026/2027
Play your way to mastery with fun games
Match Blocks Charms NEW
Terms in this set (91)
Cardinal Sings of Local Inflammation - redness
- heat
- pain
- swelling
- loss of function
,vascular stage of acute inflammation Comprised of increase blood flow and increased
vascular permeability
- Microcirculation (arterioles, capillaries, venules)
- Process begins with:
· Brief vasoconstriction of arterioles immediately
following injury
· Followed by vasodilation of arterioles, capillary
beds
· Increased permeability of microcirculation
- Vasodilation = redness and heat
- Increased capillary permeability -> leaking of fluid
(exudate) = swelling, pain, loss of function
· Acts to dilute toxins/chemicals, enhances clot
formation, recruits WBCs to area
· Localizes spread of microbes
· Aided by histamine, bradykinin, prostaglandins, and
other chemical mediators
· Fibrin helps with clotting
3 patterns for vascular changes 1.) Immediate transient responce
2.) Immediate sustained response
3.) Delayed hemodynamic response
immediate transient response -After minor injury
-Short duration (15-30 minutes)
-reversible
-Venules
, immediate sustained response - after serious injury
- continues for several days
- affects all types of blood vessels
delayed hemodynamic response venules and capillaries
Cellular Stage of Acute Inflammation endothelial cell activation
1. Margination (accumulation of WBCs), adhesion of
WBCs to endothelium
2. Transmigration of WBCs across endothelium
3. Chemotaxis (cell migration)
4. Activation and phagocytosis
Serous exudate watery, plasma fluid, low in protein
Hemorrhagic exudate severe bleeding or loss of blood plasma
RBCs
fibrinous exudate fibrinogen, thick & sticky
Membranous or Pseudomembranous develop on mucous membrane surfaces and are
exudates composed of necrotic cells, fibrin and purulent
exudate
acute inflammation - rapid onset
- shorter duration
- fluid, plasma proteins
- Vascular stage = brief vasoconstriction then
vasodilatation, increased permeability, blood flow,
clotting
- Phagocytosis by neutrophils
