Blockchain Basics - Study Guide
Distributed ledgers, consensus, smart contracts, Ethereum and real-world
trade-offs
Complete Study Guide | Key Concepts | Examples | Practice Questions
, 1. What Blockchain Is
A blockchain is an append-only distributed ledger: batches of transactions (blocks) linked by cryptography, copied
across many nodes with no central owner.
- Block = transactions + previous block's hash + nonce/timestamp.
- Hash linking makes history tamper-evident: changing one block breaks every later hash.
- Decentralisation removes single points of failure and control - at a performance cost.
- Public (Bitcoin), private and consortium chains trade openness for speed/control.
- Immutability is probabilistic: deeper confirmations = harder to rewrite.
Page 1
Distributed ledgers, consensus, smart contracts, Ethereum and real-world
trade-offs
Complete Study Guide | Key Concepts | Examples | Practice Questions
, 1. What Blockchain Is
A blockchain is an append-only distributed ledger: batches of transactions (blocks) linked by cryptography, copied
across many nodes with no central owner.
- Block = transactions + previous block's hash + nonce/timestamp.
- Hash linking makes history tamper-evident: changing one block breaks every later hash.
- Decentralisation removes single points of failure and control - at a performance cost.
- Public (Bitcoin), private and consortium chains trade openness for speed/control.
- Immutability is probabilistic: deeper confirmations = harder to rewrite.
Page 1