Practice Questions, Study
Guide & Exam Review
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, risk marker an attribute that is associated with the increased probability of disease but is
not considered to have a causal role
risk factor is a modifiable attribute that is known to be associated with a health condition
causality means that a particular exposure results in a particular outcome.
observational studies can be conducted to infer causality
Epidemiology The study of the amount, distribution, determinants, and control of disease and
health conditions among given populations.
endemic A relatively low, but constant level of occurrence of a disease or condition in a
population
pandemic Widespread outbreaks of a disease or condition across a region
Surveillance Methods or systems used to monitor disease and morbidity in a population.
Risk factors Characteristics of an individual or population that may increase the likelihood
of experiencing a given health problem
Incidence The number of new cases of a disease or condition over a given period of time
Mortality The ratio of the number of deaths from a given disease or condition.
Prevalence rate numerical expression of the number of all existing cases of a disease or
condition measured at a given period of time
index standardized method used to describe the status of an individual or group with
respect to a given condition.
Prevalence The ratio of "sick" or affected individuals to well individuals.
interexaminer reliability agreement among 2 or more examiners as they apply an index or instrument
over time
intraexaminer reliability consistency of a single examiner in the application of an index or instrument
over time
morbidity extent of disease, injury, or disability in a defined population