HNN227 Exam Prep 2026 | Verified Questions & Answers
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1. What is sepsis?
Infectious organism present in multiple organs
An inflammatory response with no infection
Bacteria in the blood
Life threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host
response
2. Describe the relationship between ischaemia and oxygen deprivation in the
context of cellular health.
Ischaemia is caused by excessive oxygen, which promotes cell
growth.
Ischaemia results from a lack of oxygen, which can compromise
cellular health and lead to cell death.
Ischaemia has no effect on cellular health.
Ischaemia only affects muscle cells, not other types of cells.
3. In a patient experiencing an allergic reaction, which cell derived mediator
would likely be released, and what effect does it have on the inflammatory
response?
Prostaglandins; they promote fever and pain.
Cytokines; they inhibit the immune response.
Histamines; they cause vasodilation and increased vascular
permeability.
Serotonin; it reduces blood flow to the area.
,4. If a patient exhibits signs of a stroke, what immediate action should a nurse
take to address the situation?
Schedule a follow-up appointment.
Administer pain relief medication.
Initiate emergency protocols for stroke management.
Encourage the patient to rest.
5. Describe the mechanism by which a thrombotic stroke occurs.
A thrombotic stroke results from a buildup of fatty deposits in the
heart.
A thrombotic stroke occurs when a blood clot forms in an artery
supplying blood to the brain, leading to reduced blood flow.
A thrombotic stroke occurs due to a sudden rupture of a blood vessel
in the brain.
A thrombotic stroke is caused by an infection that inflames the blood
vessels in the brain.
6. What happens during gas exchange in the lungs?
Oxygen concentration is lower in the lungs, so O2 diffuses into blood.
CO2 concentration in the blood is higher, so CO2 diffuses into the
lungs.
CO2 concentration in the lungs is higher, so CO2 diffuses out of
blood.
Oxygen concentration is higher in the lungs, so O2 diffuses into
blood.
, 7. What is the primary consequence of prolonged ischaemia?
Inflammation
Infection
Tissue regeneration
Cell death (necrosis)
8. What is a pulmonary embolism?
A condition in which the lungs become inflamed and fill with fluid
A type of lung cancer that arises from the bronchi
A blockage in a blood vessel in the lungs
A condition in which the alveoli become damaged and cannot
properly exchange gases
9. Describe the physiological impact of a stroke on brain function.
A stroke causes inflammation that protects brain cells.
A stroke increases blood flow, enhancing brain function.
A stroke leads to a decrease in oxygen and nutrients to brain cells,
causing potential cell death and loss of function.
A stroke has no significant impact on brain function.
10. What is pulmonary edema?
the accumulation of fluid in the lungs
the accumulation of air in the pleural space
a condition caused by bronchoconstriction and excess mucus
production
| Latest Update | Exam Revision | Guaranteed Success
1. What is sepsis?
Infectious organism present in multiple organs
An inflammatory response with no infection
Bacteria in the blood
Life threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host
response
2. Describe the relationship between ischaemia and oxygen deprivation in the
context of cellular health.
Ischaemia is caused by excessive oxygen, which promotes cell
growth.
Ischaemia results from a lack of oxygen, which can compromise
cellular health and lead to cell death.
Ischaemia has no effect on cellular health.
Ischaemia only affects muscle cells, not other types of cells.
3. In a patient experiencing an allergic reaction, which cell derived mediator
would likely be released, and what effect does it have on the inflammatory
response?
Prostaglandins; they promote fever and pain.
Cytokines; they inhibit the immune response.
Histamines; they cause vasodilation and increased vascular
permeability.
Serotonin; it reduces blood flow to the area.
,4. If a patient exhibits signs of a stroke, what immediate action should a nurse
take to address the situation?
Schedule a follow-up appointment.
Administer pain relief medication.
Initiate emergency protocols for stroke management.
Encourage the patient to rest.
5. Describe the mechanism by which a thrombotic stroke occurs.
A thrombotic stroke results from a buildup of fatty deposits in the
heart.
A thrombotic stroke occurs when a blood clot forms in an artery
supplying blood to the brain, leading to reduced blood flow.
A thrombotic stroke occurs due to a sudden rupture of a blood vessel
in the brain.
A thrombotic stroke is caused by an infection that inflames the blood
vessels in the brain.
6. What happens during gas exchange in the lungs?
Oxygen concentration is lower in the lungs, so O2 diffuses into blood.
CO2 concentration in the blood is higher, so CO2 diffuses into the
lungs.
CO2 concentration in the lungs is higher, so CO2 diffuses out of
blood.
Oxygen concentration is higher in the lungs, so O2 diffuses into
blood.
, 7. What is the primary consequence of prolonged ischaemia?
Inflammation
Infection
Tissue regeneration
Cell death (necrosis)
8. What is a pulmonary embolism?
A condition in which the lungs become inflamed and fill with fluid
A type of lung cancer that arises from the bronchi
A blockage in a blood vessel in the lungs
A condition in which the alveoli become damaged and cannot
properly exchange gases
9. Describe the physiological impact of a stroke on brain function.
A stroke causes inflammation that protects brain cells.
A stroke increases blood flow, enhancing brain function.
A stroke leads to a decrease in oxygen and nutrients to brain cells,
causing potential cell death and loss of function.
A stroke has no significant impact on brain function.
10. What is pulmonary edema?
the accumulation of fluid in the lungs
the accumulation of air in the pleural space
a condition caused by bronchoconstriction and excess mucus
production
