Samenvatting Forensische Psychologie (500847-M-6)
Tilburg University – MSc Klinische Forensische Psychologie – Blok 1
Inhoudsopgave
Week 1 – Introductie en geschiedenis ..................................................................................... 3
Helfgott & Wallenborn – History of forensic psychology ................................................. 3
Moore & Adshead – Ethical issues in forensic psychology ............................................... 6
TBS Nederland – Geschiedenis van TBS........................................................................... 9
Week 2 – Klinische forensische psychologie..................................................................... 13
Andrews, Bonta & Wormith – The RNR model: does adding the Good Lives Model
contribute to effective crime prevention? ......................................................................... 13
Barnao, Ward & Robertson – The Good Lives Model: A new paradigm for forensic
mental health .................................................................................................................... 17
Gannon et al. – Does specialized psychological treatment for offending reduce
recidivism? ....................................................................................................................... 19
De Ruijter & Hildebrand – Violence Risk Assessment: Research and Practice .............. 20
Week 3 – Zedendelinquentie.............................................................................................. 23
Noteborn – Adult male contact sexual offenders: Challenges in classification and
theoretical perspectives .................................................................................................... 23
Dangerfield, Ildeniz & Ciardha – Theories that explain the sexual abuse of children..... 25
Thakker & Ward – An integrated theory of sexual reoffending ....................................... 29
Ward & Beech – The integrated theory of sexual reoffending – revised. A multifield
perspective ........................................................................................................................ 31
Week 4 – Huiselijk geweldplegers ..................................................................................... 34
Appel & Holden – The co-occurrence of spouse and physical child abuse: A review and
appraisal ........................................................................................................................... 34
Dixon et al. – The co-occurrence of child and intimate partner maltreatment in the
family: Characteristics of the violent perpetrators ........................................................... 38
Bates – Current controversies within intimate partner violence: Overlooking bidirectional
violence ............................................................................................................................ 39
Nichols & Slep – Domestic violence: Intimate partner violence, child maltreatment, and
co-occurrence ................................................................................................................... 40
Week 5 – Jeugddelinquentie en moord ............................................................................. 42
Farrington et al. – Young men who kill: A prospective longitudinal examination from
childhood .......................................................................................................................... 42
Hilterman et al. – Predictive validity of risk assessments in juvenile offenders .............. 44
, Moffitt – Male antisocial behaviour in adolescence and beyond ..................................... 45
Vaughn et al. – Juvenile offenders.................................................................................... 48
McPhedran et al. – Are young killers “different”? A comparison of young and older
homicide offenders ........................................................................................................... 50
Week 6 – Ontwikkelingsstoornissen en psychopathie ..................................................... 51
Wiegmann et al. – ADHD modulates the course of delinquency: A 15-year follow-up
study of young incarcerated man ..................................................................................... 51
Taylor – Offenders with intellectual and developmental disabilities ............................... 52
Young & Cocallis – ADHD and offending....................................................................... 54
Baskin-Sommers et al. – Psychopathic individuals exhibit but do not avoid regret during
counterfactual decision making ........................................................................................ 56
Skeem & Cooke – Is criminal behaviour a central component of psychopathy?............. 58
Smith & Lilienfeld – The response modulation hypothesis of psychopathy: A meta-
analytic and narrative analysis ......................................................................................... 61
2
,Week 1 – Introductie en geschiedenis
Helfgott & Wallenborn – History of forensic psychology
The first uses of forensic psychology can be traced back to Ancient Greece and India in which
criminal insanity defences were used for individuals who had intellectual deficits.
Contemporary origins of forensic psychology first took root in Europe in the 18th and 19th
centuries with an initial focus on insanity defences and, later, the psychology of testimony.
The Criminal Lunatics Act of 1800 made indefinite confinement the standard outcome for
insanity acquittals, rather than release. The concept of “manie sans délire”, or mania without
delusion, was one of the earliest conceptualisations of insanity as a moral problem, instead of
an intellectual one. This development paved the way for future research, diagnoses, and
clinical work in psychopathy. At the end of the 19th century, Cattell affirmed long-held notions
that eyewitness memory recall is notoriously unreliable, breaking ground on the psychology
of testimony. Several important court cases eventually served as catalysts to greater
integration of the disciplines law and psychology.
In 1969, the first formal professional organisation (the American Psychology-Law Society)
was created, which held professional conferences, published academic journals, and
conducted research. At the same time, forensic psychologists established themselves as
treatment providers. Forensic psychology has continued to grow rapidly and has taken an
active role in law and social justice initiatives both in research and practice. The scope of
research and practice has broadened and diversified, including risk assessment, treatment of
incarcerated individuals, psychopathy, and forensic media-psychology. Restorative justice, an
alternative model focusing on harm reparation (e.g. reconciliation and restoration) through
dialogue between victims, perpetrators, and community members, has been recognized as an
area in which the expertise of forensic psychologists can be particularly valuable.
Another particular important area is racial disproportionality. Forensic psychology has
historically shown limited focus on race. This is of critical importance considering the
disproportionately high representation of Black, Indigenous, and People of Colour (BIPOC)
within the criminal justice system. This suggests that there are theoretical and empirical blind
spots that hinder nuanced understanding of BIPOC, such as racial bias in forensic assessment
instruments and evaluations.
Common depictions of the psychology of criminal behaviour within media portray mental
illness, insanity defences, and psychological histories, as well as the forensic professionals
who profile, access, investigate, and apprehend them. The rise in popularity of television
shows, documentaries, films, and podcasts and their depictions in these media are important
to the extent that they have the potential to influence jurors and public perceptions that may
impact mental health and criminal justice-related decisions, legislation, and policy. The
proliferation of media attention to forensic psychology has affected the way jurors listen to
evidence and make decisions about verdicts. Media depictions often do not reflect reality. The
number of films, programs, novels, etc. depicting serial killers and profiling
disproportionately surpassed the actual number of serial murder cases.
Legal psychology is the scientific study and practice of psychology in the legal system. Topics
include family law, child custody, jury psychology, and eyewitness memory. Forensic
psychologists are able to provide expertise that can help determine need, guilt, and innocence.
Criminal psychology is the study that delves into the psychological complexities and
motivations of the criminal mind and the related practices within the criminal justice system.
3
, There are seemingly limitless theories about criminal behaviour that range from
psychopathological, biological, neurological, environmental, developmental, etc. There is no
universal theory that explains all crime. Criminal behaviour is the product of chain of events
influenced by an infinite possibility of variables and individual-environment interactions.
Psychopathy is a unique clinical condition characterised by the “juxtaposition of affective
interpersonal traits with antisocial behaviour” along with an inability to form human
attachment and aggressive narcissism. Early definitions mis-characterised it as “insanity” or
“psychosis”. Classic personality traits of psychopathy include superficial charm, grandiosity,
pathological lying, and lack of remorse. Behavioural features include poor behavioural
controls, impulsivity, irresponsibility, and criminal versatility. Research on psychopathy has
provided strong support for its association with criminal recidivism, violence, and
dangerousness. The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) is a standardized and validated
tool comprised of a 20-item checklist that assesses and measures the affective, interpersonal,
and behavioural features of psychopathy.
Biological and neuropsychological theories try to explain the biological roots of crime. Such
as that criminal behaviour is a clinical condition based on brain scan studies of convicted
murderers that reveal striking deficiencies in prefrontal cortex activity when compared to
noncriminal scans, or that the roots of criminality stem from inherited genes and an
individual’s particular neuroanatomy, which raises important questions about culpability.
Behavioural theories consist of conditioning and learning theories, among others.
Conditioning theories aver that behaviours are shaped through stimulus pairing (classical
conditioning) and reinforcement and punishment (operant conditioning). Exposure to positive
and negative reinforcement with increase or decrease criminal behaviour. In learning theory,
criminal behaviour is produced by social learning in which one’s decision to commit crime is
achieved through observation and association with others.
Understanding the underlying causes of criminal behaviour is complex and there has been
more recognition that the explanation and prediction of criminal behaviour lies in
interdisciplinary theoretical perspectives. A number of key theories in criminology rely on
integrating psychological and sociological theories to explain criminal behaviour. Police
psychology is the study and application of psychological knowledge and clinical practice to
law enforcement to enhance police and public safety and well-being. It involves psychological
screening of law enforcement candidates, fitness-for-duty assessments, and police
counselling.
Victimology is the study of those who have experienced real or threats of physical,
psychological, social, or financial harm related to an attempted or actual crime. It examines
how victims are socially perceived and defined, why some are more vulnerable to
victimisation, why victims behave in certain ways, the costs and consequences of being
harmed, and how victim healing can be facilitated. Restorative justice is a model of justice
that focuses on crime as harm, centralises the victim, and works to balance victim, offender,
community needs, and interests to repair harms and restore justice. It borrows concepts of
reconciliation, mediation, community justice, peace-making and reintegrative shaming for
purposes of closure, accountability, harm reduction, and community building.
Forensic assessment has become one of the most common applications of psychology within
legal settings and provides a means for researchers to arrive at consensus on the construct of
psychopathy and to provide practitioners with tools to make critical risk assessment decisions.
4
Tilburg University – MSc Klinische Forensische Psychologie – Blok 1
Inhoudsopgave
Week 1 – Introductie en geschiedenis ..................................................................................... 3
Helfgott & Wallenborn – History of forensic psychology ................................................. 3
Moore & Adshead – Ethical issues in forensic psychology ............................................... 6
TBS Nederland – Geschiedenis van TBS........................................................................... 9
Week 2 – Klinische forensische psychologie..................................................................... 13
Andrews, Bonta & Wormith – The RNR model: does adding the Good Lives Model
contribute to effective crime prevention? ......................................................................... 13
Barnao, Ward & Robertson – The Good Lives Model: A new paradigm for forensic
mental health .................................................................................................................... 17
Gannon et al. – Does specialized psychological treatment for offending reduce
recidivism? ....................................................................................................................... 19
De Ruijter & Hildebrand – Violence Risk Assessment: Research and Practice .............. 20
Week 3 – Zedendelinquentie.............................................................................................. 23
Noteborn – Adult male contact sexual offenders: Challenges in classification and
theoretical perspectives .................................................................................................... 23
Dangerfield, Ildeniz & Ciardha – Theories that explain the sexual abuse of children..... 25
Thakker & Ward – An integrated theory of sexual reoffending ....................................... 29
Ward & Beech – The integrated theory of sexual reoffending – revised. A multifield
perspective ........................................................................................................................ 31
Week 4 – Huiselijk geweldplegers ..................................................................................... 34
Appel & Holden – The co-occurrence of spouse and physical child abuse: A review and
appraisal ........................................................................................................................... 34
Dixon et al. – The co-occurrence of child and intimate partner maltreatment in the
family: Characteristics of the violent perpetrators ........................................................... 38
Bates – Current controversies within intimate partner violence: Overlooking bidirectional
violence ............................................................................................................................ 39
Nichols & Slep – Domestic violence: Intimate partner violence, child maltreatment, and
co-occurrence ................................................................................................................... 40
Week 5 – Jeugddelinquentie en moord ............................................................................. 42
Farrington et al. – Young men who kill: A prospective longitudinal examination from
childhood .......................................................................................................................... 42
Hilterman et al. – Predictive validity of risk assessments in juvenile offenders .............. 44
, Moffitt – Male antisocial behaviour in adolescence and beyond ..................................... 45
Vaughn et al. – Juvenile offenders.................................................................................... 48
McPhedran et al. – Are young killers “different”? A comparison of young and older
homicide offenders ........................................................................................................... 50
Week 6 – Ontwikkelingsstoornissen en psychopathie ..................................................... 51
Wiegmann et al. – ADHD modulates the course of delinquency: A 15-year follow-up
study of young incarcerated man ..................................................................................... 51
Taylor – Offenders with intellectual and developmental disabilities ............................... 52
Young & Cocallis – ADHD and offending....................................................................... 54
Baskin-Sommers et al. – Psychopathic individuals exhibit but do not avoid regret during
counterfactual decision making ........................................................................................ 56
Skeem & Cooke – Is criminal behaviour a central component of psychopathy?............. 58
Smith & Lilienfeld – The response modulation hypothesis of psychopathy: A meta-
analytic and narrative analysis ......................................................................................... 61
2
,Week 1 – Introductie en geschiedenis
Helfgott & Wallenborn – History of forensic psychology
The first uses of forensic psychology can be traced back to Ancient Greece and India in which
criminal insanity defences were used for individuals who had intellectual deficits.
Contemporary origins of forensic psychology first took root in Europe in the 18th and 19th
centuries with an initial focus on insanity defences and, later, the psychology of testimony.
The Criminal Lunatics Act of 1800 made indefinite confinement the standard outcome for
insanity acquittals, rather than release. The concept of “manie sans délire”, or mania without
delusion, was one of the earliest conceptualisations of insanity as a moral problem, instead of
an intellectual one. This development paved the way for future research, diagnoses, and
clinical work in psychopathy. At the end of the 19th century, Cattell affirmed long-held notions
that eyewitness memory recall is notoriously unreliable, breaking ground on the psychology
of testimony. Several important court cases eventually served as catalysts to greater
integration of the disciplines law and psychology.
In 1969, the first formal professional organisation (the American Psychology-Law Society)
was created, which held professional conferences, published academic journals, and
conducted research. At the same time, forensic psychologists established themselves as
treatment providers. Forensic psychology has continued to grow rapidly and has taken an
active role in law and social justice initiatives both in research and practice. The scope of
research and practice has broadened and diversified, including risk assessment, treatment of
incarcerated individuals, psychopathy, and forensic media-psychology. Restorative justice, an
alternative model focusing on harm reparation (e.g. reconciliation and restoration) through
dialogue between victims, perpetrators, and community members, has been recognized as an
area in which the expertise of forensic psychologists can be particularly valuable.
Another particular important area is racial disproportionality. Forensic psychology has
historically shown limited focus on race. This is of critical importance considering the
disproportionately high representation of Black, Indigenous, and People of Colour (BIPOC)
within the criminal justice system. This suggests that there are theoretical and empirical blind
spots that hinder nuanced understanding of BIPOC, such as racial bias in forensic assessment
instruments and evaluations.
Common depictions of the psychology of criminal behaviour within media portray mental
illness, insanity defences, and psychological histories, as well as the forensic professionals
who profile, access, investigate, and apprehend them. The rise in popularity of television
shows, documentaries, films, and podcasts and their depictions in these media are important
to the extent that they have the potential to influence jurors and public perceptions that may
impact mental health and criminal justice-related decisions, legislation, and policy. The
proliferation of media attention to forensic psychology has affected the way jurors listen to
evidence and make decisions about verdicts. Media depictions often do not reflect reality. The
number of films, programs, novels, etc. depicting serial killers and profiling
disproportionately surpassed the actual number of serial murder cases.
Legal psychology is the scientific study and practice of psychology in the legal system. Topics
include family law, child custody, jury psychology, and eyewitness memory. Forensic
psychologists are able to provide expertise that can help determine need, guilt, and innocence.
Criminal psychology is the study that delves into the psychological complexities and
motivations of the criminal mind and the related practices within the criminal justice system.
3
, There are seemingly limitless theories about criminal behaviour that range from
psychopathological, biological, neurological, environmental, developmental, etc. There is no
universal theory that explains all crime. Criminal behaviour is the product of chain of events
influenced by an infinite possibility of variables and individual-environment interactions.
Psychopathy is a unique clinical condition characterised by the “juxtaposition of affective
interpersonal traits with antisocial behaviour” along with an inability to form human
attachment and aggressive narcissism. Early definitions mis-characterised it as “insanity” or
“psychosis”. Classic personality traits of psychopathy include superficial charm, grandiosity,
pathological lying, and lack of remorse. Behavioural features include poor behavioural
controls, impulsivity, irresponsibility, and criminal versatility. Research on psychopathy has
provided strong support for its association with criminal recidivism, violence, and
dangerousness. The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) is a standardized and validated
tool comprised of a 20-item checklist that assesses and measures the affective, interpersonal,
and behavioural features of psychopathy.
Biological and neuropsychological theories try to explain the biological roots of crime. Such
as that criminal behaviour is a clinical condition based on brain scan studies of convicted
murderers that reveal striking deficiencies in prefrontal cortex activity when compared to
noncriminal scans, or that the roots of criminality stem from inherited genes and an
individual’s particular neuroanatomy, which raises important questions about culpability.
Behavioural theories consist of conditioning and learning theories, among others.
Conditioning theories aver that behaviours are shaped through stimulus pairing (classical
conditioning) and reinforcement and punishment (operant conditioning). Exposure to positive
and negative reinforcement with increase or decrease criminal behaviour. In learning theory,
criminal behaviour is produced by social learning in which one’s decision to commit crime is
achieved through observation and association with others.
Understanding the underlying causes of criminal behaviour is complex and there has been
more recognition that the explanation and prediction of criminal behaviour lies in
interdisciplinary theoretical perspectives. A number of key theories in criminology rely on
integrating psychological and sociological theories to explain criminal behaviour. Police
psychology is the study and application of psychological knowledge and clinical practice to
law enforcement to enhance police and public safety and well-being. It involves psychological
screening of law enforcement candidates, fitness-for-duty assessments, and police
counselling.
Victimology is the study of those who have experienced real or threats of physical,
psychological, social, or financial harm related to an attempted or actual crime. It examines
how victims are socially perceived and defined, why some are more vulnerable to
victimisation, why victims behave in certain ways, the costs and consequences of being
harmed, and how victim healing can be facilitated. Restorative justice is a model of justice
that focuses on crime as harm, centralises the victim, and works to balance victim, offender,
community needs, and interests to repair harms and restore justice. It borrows concepts of
reconciliation, mediation, community justice, peace-making and reintegrative shaming for
purposes of closure, accountability, harm reduction, and community building.
Forensic assessment has become one of the most common applications of psychology within
legal settings and provides a means for researchers to arrive at consensus on the construct of
psychopathy and to provide practitioners with tools to make critical risk assessment decisions.
4
