TEST BANK Foundations of Maternal-Newborn
and Women’s Health Nursing 7th Edition
SECTION I: REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM & WOMEN'S HEALTH FOUNDATIONS
1. A nurse is reviewing the menstrual cycle with a group of nursing students.
Which hormone is primarily responsible for the surge that triggers ovulation?
A. Estrogen
B. Progesterone
C. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
D. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The LH surge, occurring approximately 24–36 hours before
ovulation, is the direct trigger for ovulation. Estrogen peaks before the LH surge
and contributes to it via positive feedback, but LH is the hormone that directly
causes the follicle to rupture. Progesterone rises after ovulation to maintain the
corpus luteum. FSH stimulates follicular development but does not trigger
ovulation itself.
2. During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the endometrium become
thickest and most vascular in preparation for implantation?
A. Menstrual phase
B. Proliferative phase
C. Secretory phase
D. Ischemic phase
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The secretory phase (days 15–28) is dominated by progesterone
from the corpus luteum, which causes the endometrium to become thick,
,vascular, and rich in glycogen secretions—ideal for implantation. The proliferative
phase builds the endometrium under estrogen influence but does not reach
maximum thickness. The menstrual and ischemic phases involve shedding and
vasoconstriction.
3. A 16-year-old client asks the nurse when she is most likely to become
pregnant. Which response is most accurate?
A. "You can only get pregnant on the day you ovulate."
B. "Your fertile window includes about 5 days before ovulation and the day of
ovulation."
C. "You are fertile only during your menstrual period."
D. "Fertility is the same every day of your cycle."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sperm can survive in the female reproductive tract for up to 5 days,
and the oocyte is viable for approximately 12–24 hours after ovulation. Therefore,
the fertile window spans roughly 5 days before ovulation through the day of
ovulation. Option A is incorrect because sperm survival extends the window.
Option C is incorrect—the menstrual period is generally not the most fertile time.
Option D is incorrect because fertility varies across the cycle.
4. SATA: A nurse is teaching a community education class about breast self-
awareness. Which statements indicate correct understanding by a participant?
(Select all that apply.)
A. "Breast self-exams should be done at the same time each month."
B. "Premenopausal women should perform breast self-awareness about 3–5 days
after their period ends."
C. "Any nipple discharge is normal and requires no follow-up."
D. "Postmenopausal women should choose a consistent day each month."
E. "Breast self-awareness replaces the need for mammograms."
, Correct Answer: A, B, D
Rationale: Consistency in timing helps women recognize normal versus
abnormal changes. Premenopausal women should examine breasts 3–5 days after
menses when breasts are least tender. Postmenopausal women should pick a
consistent monthly day. Nipple discharge—especially spontaneous or bloody—
requires evaluation, so C is incorrect. Breast self-awareness complements, but
does not replace, mammography, so E is incorrect.
5. A nurse is assessing a client who reports severe dysmenorrhea. Which finding
would most suggest secondary dysmenorrhea rather than primary?
A. Pain begins 1–2 days before menses
B. Pain occurs primarily in the lower abdomen
C. Pain onset several years after menarche
D. Relief with NSAIDs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Primary dysmenorrhea typically begins within 6–12 months of
menarche and is related to prostaglandin release. Secondary dysmenorrhea is
caused by underlying pathology (e.g., endometriosis, adenomyosis, fibroids) and
often presents years after menarche, with progressive worsening, dyspareunia, or
abnormal bleeding. Options A, B, and D are more consistent with primary
dysmenorrhea.
6. Which structure is the site of fertilization in the female reproductive system?
A. Uterus
B. Cervix
C. Ampulla of the fallopian tube
D. Ovary
Correct Answer: C
, Rationale: Fertilization typically occurs in the ampulla, the widest portion of
the fallopian tube. The uterus is the site of implantation and fetal development.
The cervix is the opening to the uterus and produces mucus but is not the
fertilization site. The ovary releases the oocyte but is not where fertilization
occurs.
7. A nurse is discussing HPV vaccination with a parent. At what age is the HPV
vaccine routinely recommended?
A. 6–8 years
B. 9–12 years
C. 16–18 years
D. 21–26 years
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The CDC recommends routine HPV vaccination at ages 11–12, with
the series able to start as early as age 9. Catch-up vaccination is recommended
through age 26. Vaccination at 9–12 years ensures immunity before exposure to
HPV. Options A, C, and D do not reflect the routine recommendation, though C
and D may apply to catch-up schedules.
8. SATA: Which of the following are functions of the placenta? (Select all that
apply.)
A. Production of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
B. Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
C. Filtration of maternal blood cells to the fetus
D. Transfer of maternal antibodies (IgG)
E. Production of progesterone
Correct Answer: A, B, D, E
and Women’s Health Nursing 7th Edition
SECTION I: REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM & WOMEN'S HEALTH FOUNDATIONS
1. A nurse is reviewing the menstrual cycle with a group of nursing students.
Which hormone is primarily responsible for the surge that triggers ovulation?
A. Estrogen
B. Progesterone
C. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
D. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The LH surge, occurring approximately 24–36 hours before
ovulation, is the direct trigger for ovulation. Estrogen peaks before the LH surge
and contributes to it via positive feedback, but LH is the hormone that directly
causes the follicle to rupture. Progesterone rises after ovulation to maintain the
corpus luteum. FSH stimulates follicular development but does not trigger
ovulation itself.
2. During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the endometrium become
thickest and most vascular in preparation for implantation?
A. Menstrual phase
B. Proliferative phase
C. Secretory phase
D. Ischemic phase
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The secretory phase (days 15–28) is dominated by progesterone
from the corpus luteum, which causes the endometrium to become thick,
,vascular, and rich in glycogen secretions—ideal for implantation. The proliferative
phase builds the endometrium under estrogen influence but does not reach
maximum thickness. The menstrual and ischemic phases involve shedding and
vasoconstriction.
3. A 16-year-old client asks the nurse when she is most likely to become
pregnant. Which response is most accurate?
A. "You can only get pregnant on the day you ovulate."
B. "Your fertile window includes about 5 days before ovulation and the day of
ovulation."
C. "You are fertile only during your menstrual period."
D. "Fertility is the same every day of your cycle."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sperm can survive in the female reproductive tract for up to 5 days,
and the oocyte is viable for approximately 12–24 hours after ovulation. Therefore,
the fertile window spans roughly 5 days before ovulation through the day of
ovulation. Option A is incorrect because sperm survival extends the window.
Option C is incorrect—the menstrual period is generally not the most fertile time.
Option D is incorrect because fertility varies across the cycle.
4. SATA: A nurse is teaching a community education class about breast self-
awareness. Which statements indicate correct understanding by a participant?
(Select all that apply.)
A. "Breast self-exams should be done at the same time each month."
B. "Premenopausal women should perform breast self-awareness about 3–5 days
after their period ends."
C. "Any nipple discharge is normal and requires no follow-up."
D. "Postmenopausal women should choose a consistent day each month."
E. "Breast self-awareness replaces the need for mammograms."
, Correct Answer: A, B, D
Rationale: Consistency in timing helps women recognize normal versus
abnormal changes. Premenopausal women should examine breasts 3–5 days after
menses when breasts are least tender. Postmenopausal women should pick a
consistent monthly day. Nipple discharge—especially spontaneous or bloody—
requires evaluation, so C is incorrect. Breast self-awareness complements, but
does not replace, mammography, so E is incorrect.
5. A nurse is assessing a client who reports severe dysmenorrhea. Which finding
would most suggest secondary dysmenorrhea rather than primary?
A. Pain begins 1–2 days before menses
B. Pain occurs primarily in the lower abdomen
C. Pain onset several years after menarche
D. Relief with NSAIDs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Primary dysmenorrhea typically begins within 6–12 months of
menarche and is related to prostaglandin release. Secondary dysmenorrhea is
caused by underlying pathology (e.g., endometriosis, adenomyosis, fibroids) and
often presents years after menarche, with progressive worsening, dyspareunia, or
abnormal bleeding. Options A, B, and D are more consistent with primary
dysmenorrhea.
6. Which structure is the site of fertilization in the female reproductive system?
A. Uterus
B. Cervix
C. Ampulla of the fallopian tube
D. Ovary
Correct Answer: C
, Rationale: Fertilization typically occurs in the ampulla, the widest portion of
the fallopian tube. The uterus is the site of implantation and fetal development.
The cervix is the opening to the uterus and produces mucus but is not the
fertilization site. The ovary releases the oocyte but is not where fertilization
occurs.
7. A nurse is discussing HPV vaccination with a parent. At what age is the HPV
vaccine routinely recommended?
A. 6–8 years
B. 9–12 years
C. 16–18 years
D. 21–26 years
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The CDC recommends routine HPV vaccination at ages 11–12, with
the series able to start as early as age 9. Catch-up vaccination is recommended
through age 26. Vaccination at 9–12 years ensures immunity before exposure to
HPV. Options A, C, and D do not reflect the routine recommendation, though C
and D may apply to catch-up schedules.
8. SATA: Which of the following are functions of the placenta? (Select all that
apply.)
A. Production of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
B. Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
C. Filtration of maternal blood cells to the fetus
D. Transfer of maternal antibodies (IgG)
E. Production of progesterone
Correct Answer: A, B, D, E
