,GALEN COLLEGE OF NURSING
NU 131 Nursing and Healthcare I Exam
Prep — Comprehensive Review +
Practice MCQs — Galen College of
Nursing 2025/2026
1. Who is considered the founder of modern nursing and emphasized the impact of the environment on
patient health?
A. Clara Barton
B. Florence Nightingale
C. Lillian Wald
D. Dorothea Dix
Correct Answer: B. Florence Nightingale
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is universally recognized as the founder of modern nursing. Her environmental
theory stressed that cleanliness, fresh air, light, and careful observation are essential to patient recovery.
During the Crimean War, her reforms dramatically reduced mortality rates. Her work established nursing as a
respected profession built on scientific principles and systematic observation .
2. Which nursing pioneer founded the Henry Street Settlement to provide nursing services to immigrants and
underserved populations?
A. Florence Nightingale
B. Lillian Wald
C. Clara Barton
,D. Mary Breckinridge
Correct Answer: B. Lillian Wald
Rationale: Lillian Wald founded the Henry Street Settlement in New York City in 1893, pioneering public health
nursing. Her work focused on providing healthcare access to immigrants and impoverished communities,
establishing the model for community-based nursing practice .
3. In which country and year was the first formal school of nursing founded?
A. London, England — 1860
B. Kaiserswerth, Germany — 1836
C. New York, USA — 1893
D. Paris, France — 1850
Correct Answer: B. Kaiserswerth, Germany — 1836
Rationale: The first formal school of nursing was established in Kaiserswerth, Germany, in 1836 by the Lutheran
Order of Deaconesses. Florence Nightingale attended this institution for training under Caroline Fliedner, which
later influenced her own approach to nursing education .
4. Which historical figure is credited with establishing the American Red Cross?
A. Florence Nightingale
B. Clara Barton
C. Lillian Wald
, D. Sojourner Truth
Correct Answer: B. Clara Barton
Rationale: Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross in 1881. She was known as the "Angel of the
Battlefield" for her work caring for wounded soldiers during the Civil War and later advocated for humanitarian
relief efforts .
5. The first practical nurse licensure law in the United States was passed by which state in 1914?
A. New York
B. California
C. Mississippi
D. Massachusetts
Correct Answer: C. Mississippi
Rationale: Mississippi passed the first practical nurse licensure law in 1914, establishing a precedent for
vocational nursing regulation. New York was the first state to license registered nurses, but Mississippi led the
way for practical/vocational nurse licensure .
6. Which nursing theorist is known for developing the "Culture Care Diversity and Universality" theory?
A. Dorothea Orem
B. Madeleine Leininger
C. Jean Watson
NU 131 Nursing and Healthcare I Exam
Prep — Comprehensive Review +
Practice MCQs — Galen College of
Nursing 2025/2026
1. Who is considered the founder of modern nursing and emphasized the impact of the environment on
patient health?
A. Clara Barton
B. Florence Nightingale
C. Lillian Wald
D. Dorothea Dix
Correct Answer: B. Florence Nightingale
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is universally recognized as the founder of modern nursing. Her environmental
theory stressed that cleanliness, fresh air, light, and careful observation are essential to patient recovery.
During the Crimean War, her reforms dramatically reduced mortality rates. Her work established nursing as a
respected profession built on scientific principles and systematic observation .
2. Which nursing pioneer founded the Henry Street Settlement to provide nursing services to immigrants and
underserved populations?
A. Florence Nightingale
B. Lillian Wald
C. Clara Barton
,D. Mary Breckinridge
Correct Answer: B. Lillian Wald
Rationale: Lillian Wald founded the Henry Street Settlement in New York City in 1893, pioneering public health
nursing. Her work focused on providing healthcare access to immigrants and impoverished communities,
establishing the model for community-based nursing practice .
3. In which country and year was the first formal school of nursing founded?
A. London, England — 1860
B. Kaiserswerth, Germany — 1836
C. New York, USA — 1893
D. Paris, France — 1850
Correct Answer: B. Kaiserswerth, Germany — 1836
Rationale: The first formal school of nursing was established in Kaiserswerth, Germany, in 1836 by the Lutheran
Order of Deaconesses. Florence Nightingale attended this institution for training under Caroline Fliedner, which
later influenced her own approach to nursing education .
4. Which historical figure is credited with establishing the American Red Cross?
A. Florence Nightingale
B. Clara Barton
C. Lillian Wald
, D. Sojourner Truth
Correct Answer: B. Clara Barton
Rationale: Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross in 1881. She was known as the "Angel of the
Battlefield" for her work caring for wounded soldiers during the Civil War and later advocated for humanitarian
relief efforts .
5. The first practical nurse licensure law in the United States was passed by which state in 1914?
A. New York
B. California
C. Mississippi
D. Massachusetts
Correct Answer: C. Mississippi
Rationale: Mississippi passed the first practical nurse licensure law in 1914, establishing a precedent for
vocational nursing regulation. New York was the first state to license registered nurses, but Mississippi led the
way for practical/vocational nurse licensure .
6. Which nursing theorist is known for developing the "Culture Care Diversity and Universality" theory?
A. Dorothea Orem
B. Madeleine Leininger
C. Jean Watson
