Fundamentals of Nursing 12th Edition
Test Bank by Patricia A. Potter |
Complete Practice Q&As
UNIT 1: NURSING AND THE HEALTH CARE ENVIRONMENT (Q1–Q15)
1. A nurse is explaining the history of nursing to a group of nursing students.
Which individual is credited with establishing the first nursing school based on
Nightingale‘s principles?
A. Clara Barton
B. Florence Nightingale
C. Dorothea Dix
D. Lillian Wald
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Florence Nightingale established the first nursing school based on
her principles at St. Thomas’ Hospital in London in 1860. She is considered the
founder of modern nursing and established the foundation for nursing education
and practice. Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross. Dorothea Dix was a
mental health reformer. Lillian Wald founded public health nursing and the Henry
Street Settlement .
2. A nurse is reviewing the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses with a new graduate.
Which statement best describes the purpose of this code?
A. To provide a legal framework for nursing practice
B. To establish the standards of care for nursing
C. To serve as a guide for ethical decision-making in nursing
D. To define the scope of nursing practice
Correct Answer: C
, Rationale: The ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses serves as a guide for ethical
decision-making in nursing. It provides a framework for nurses to make ethical
decisions and to advocate for their patients. The code is not a legal document,
although it can be used in legal proceedings. Standards of care and the scope of
nursing practice are defined by other documents .
3. A nurse is caring for a client who refuses a prescribed medication. Which
action by the nurse best demonstrates the principle of “client autonomy”?
A. Administer the medication anyway because it is prescribed.
B. Explain the risks and benefits of the medication and respect the client‘s
decision.
C. Ask the family to convince the client to take the medication.
D. Notify the provider and ask for a different medication.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Client autonomy is the right of the client to make their own
decisions about their health care. The nurse should provide the client with
sufficient information about the risks and benefits of the medication, respect the
client’s decision, and document the refusal and the interventions taken.
Administering the medication against the client‘s will is a violation of autonomy.
Involving the family may be appropriate but should not be used to coerce the
client .
4. A nurse is discussing the role of the nurse in health promotion. Which activity
is an example of primary prevention?
A. Administering insulin to a client with diabetes
B. Teaching a community group about healthy eating and exercise
C. Performing a breast self-examination
D. Providing rehabilitation services to a client after a stroke
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Primary prevention is aimed at preventing disease before it occurs.
Teaching a community group about healthy eating and exercise is an example of
,primary prevention. Administering insulin is an example of tertiary prevention
(managing an existing condition). Performing a breast self-examination is an
example of secondary prevention (early detection). Rehabilitation is an example of
tertiary prevention .
5. A nurse practices using evidence-based practice (EBP). Which example best
demonstrates EBP?
A. Following unit tradition for wound care.
B. Using the newest journal article and clinical guidelines plus clinical expertise
when deciding on care.
C. Always relying on what the most senior nurse says.
D. Searching only for textbooks published more than 10 years ago.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: EBP integrates best research evidence, clinical expertise, and
patient preferences. Tradition or seniority alone are not EBP. Textbooks older than
10 years are likely outdated and do not represent current best evidence .
6. Which payment model provides a fixed monthly payment per patient to a
provider group, incentivizing preventive care?
A. Fee-for-service
B. Capitation
C. Diagnosis-related groups (DRGs)
D. Bundled payment
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Capitation pays a set amount per enrolled patient per month
regardless of services used, encouraging prevention and efficiency. Fee-for-service
rewards volume. DRGs pay fixed amounts per hospitalization. Bundled payments
cover episodes of care .
, 7. A patient is being discharged after a stroke and needs skilled nursing care,
physical therapy, and speech therapy at home. Which level of care is most
appropriate?
A. Primary care
B. Restorative care
C. Tertiary care
D. Palliative care
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Restorative care includes home health, rehabilitation, and skilled
nursing services designed to help patients regain maximum function after an
acute event. Primary care is preventive. Tertiary care is specialized inpatient care.
Palliative care focuses on comfort and symptom management .
8. The nurse is using critical thinking skills during the first phase of the nursing
process. Which action indicates the nurse is in the first phase?
A. Completes a comprehensive database.
B. Identifies pertinent nursing diagnoses.
C. Intervenes based on priorities of patient care.
D. Determines whether outcomes have been achieved.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The assessment phase of the nursing process involves data
collection to complete a thorough patient database and is the first phase.
Identifying nursing diagnoses occurs during the diagnosis phase (second phase).
The nurse carries out interventions during the implementation phase (fourth
phase). Determining whether outcomes have been achieved occurs during the
evaluation phase (fifth phase) .
9. A nurse is using the problem-specific approach to data collection. Which
action will the nurse take first?
Test Bank by Patricia A. Potter |
Complete Practice Q&As
UNIT 1: NURSING AND THE HEALTH CARE ENVIRONMENT (Q1–Q15)
1. A nurse is explaining the history of nursing to a group of nursing students.
Which individual is credited with establishing the first nursing school based on
Nightingale‘s principles?
A. Clara Barton
B. Florence Nightingale
C. Dorothea Dix
D. Lillian Wald
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Florence Nightingale established the first nursing school based on
her principles at St. Thomas’ Hospital in London in 1860. She is considered the
founder of modern nursing and established the foundation for nursing education
and practice. Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross. Dorothea Dix was a
mental health reformer. Lillian Wald founded public health nursing and the Henry
Street Settlement .
2. A nurse is reviewing the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses with a new graduate.
Which statement best describes the purpose of this code?
A. To provide a legal framework for nursing practice
B. To establish the standards of care for nursing
C. To serve as a guide for ethical decision-making in nursing
D. To define the scope of nursing practice
Correct Answer: C
, Rationale: The ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses serves as a guide for ethical
decision-making in nursing. It provides a framework for nurses to make ethical
decisions and to advocate for their patients. The code is not a legal document,
although it can be used in legal proceedings. Standards of care and the scope of
nursing practice are defined by other documents .
3. A nurse is caring for a client who refuses a prescribed medication. Which
action by the nurse best demonstrates the principle of “client autonomy”?
A. Administer the medication anyway because it is prescribed.
B. Explain the risks and benefits of the medication and respect the client‘s
decision.
C. Ask the family to convince the client to take the medication.
D. Notify the provider and ask for a different medication.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Client autonomy is the right of the client to make their own
decisions about their health care. The nurse should provide the client with
sufficient information about the risks and benefits of the medication, respect the
client’s decision, and document the refusal and the interventions taken.
Administering the medication against the client‘s will is a violation of autonomy.
Involving the family may be appropriate but should not be used to coerce the
client .
4. A nurse is discussing the role of the nurse in health promotion. Which activity
is an example of primary prevention?
A. Administering insulin to a client with diabetes
B. Teaching a community group about healthy eating and exercise
C. Performing a breast self-examination
D. Providing rehabilitation services to a client after a stroke
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Primary prevention is aimed at preventing disease before it occurs.
Teaching a community group about healthy eating and exercise is an example of
,primary prevention. Administering insulin is an example of tertiary prevention
(managing an existing condition). Performing a breast self-examination is an
example of secondary prevention (early detection). Rehabilitation is an example of
tertiary prevention .
5. A nurse practices using evidence-based practice (EBP). Which example best
demonstrates EBP?
A. Following unit tradition for wound care.
B. Using the newest journal article and clinical guidelines plus clinical expertise
when deciding on care.
C. Always relying on what the most senior nurse says.
D. Searching only for textbooks published more than 10 years ago.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: EBP integrates best research evidence, clinical expertise, and
patient preferences. Tradition or seniority alone are not EBP. Textbooks older than
10 years are likely outdated and do not represent current best evidence .
6. Which payment model provides a fixed monthly payment per patient to a
provider group, incentivizing preventive care?
A. Fee-for-service
B. Capitation
C. Diagnosis-related groups (DRGs)
D. Bundled payment
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Capitation pays a set amount per enrolled patient per month
regardless of services used, encouraging prevention and efficiency. Fee-for-service
rewards volume. DRGs pay fixed amounts per hospitalization. Bundled payments
cover episodes of care .
, 7. A patient is being discharged after a stroke and needs skilled nursing care,
physical therapy, and speech therapy at home. Which level of care is most
appropriate?
A. Primary care
B. Restorative care
C. Tertiary care
D. Palliative care
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Restorative care includes home health, rehabilitation, and skilled
nursing services designed to help patients regain maximum function after an
acute event. Primary care is preventive. Tertiary care is specialized inpatient care.
Palliative care focuses on comfort and symptom management .
8. The nurse is using critical thinking skills during the first phase of the nursing
process. Which action indicates the nurse is in the first phase?
A. Completes a comprehensive database.
B. Identifies pertinent nursing diagnoses.
C. Intervenes based on priorities of patient care.
D. Determines whether outcomes have been achieved.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The assessment phase of the nursing process involves data
collection to complete a thorough patient database and is the first phase.
Identifying nursing diagnoses occurs during the diagnosis phase (second phase).
The nurse carries out interventions during the implementation phase (fourth
phase). Determining whether outcomes have been achieved occurs during the
evaluation phase (fifth phase) .
9. A nurse is using the problem-specific approach to data collection. Which
action will the nurse take first?
