ECG Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace Exams
Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED
100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
1. Where is the top(base) of the heart located - CORRECT ANSWER
approximately at level of 2nd intercostal space
2. Where is the bottom (apex) of the heart located - CORRECT
ANSWER just above diaphragm to left of sternum at 5th intercostal
space, midclavicular line
- can be palpated for ventricular contraction
3. Where is the point of max impulse in the heart - CORRECT ANSWER
bottom of the heart (apex)
4. Average size of the heart - CORRECT ANSWER 12 cm long, 8 cm
wide, 6 cm thick
5. Average beats a day/year - CORRECT ANSWER 100,000/3 billion
6. Pericardium - CORRECT ANSWER outermost layer of the heart
7. Myocardium - CORRECT ANSWER muscular, middle layer of the
heart
-composed of cardiac muscle cells
-responsible for hearts ability to contract
8. Endocardium - CORRECT ANSWER thin layer of tissue that lines
inner surface of heart muscle and chambers
-extensions and folds of this tissue form heart valves
9. Fibrous pericardium - CORRECT ANSWER -anchors heart to chest
-outer, tough, fibrous sac, comes in contact with covering of lung
(pleura)
-attached to center of diaphragm inferiorly, sternum anteriorly,
esophagus, trachea, and main bronchi posteriorly
,10. Serous pericardium - CORRECT ANSWER inner, fluid-
secreting membrane (2 layers)
-parietal layer-lines inner surface of fibrous sac
-visceral layer (epicardium)-lines outer surface of the heart muscle
11. Pericardial space - CORRECT ANSWER the narrow space
between the visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium -
provides room for heart to contract/relax
12. -filled with approx. 10-30mL of thin clear fluid (pericardial fluid)
secreted by serous layers
13. Pericardial fluid - CORRECT ANSWER provides lubrication in
pericardial space preventing friction
14. Pericardiocentesis - CORRECT ANSWER surgical puncture to
aspirate fluid from the sac surrounding the heart if accumulation of
fluid or blood in pericardial space that interferes with ventricular filling
and hearts ability to contract
15. Pulmonary circuit - CORRECT ANSWER system of blood
vessels that carries blood between the heart and the lungs
16. Systemic circuit - CORRECT ANSWER Circuit of blood that
carries blood between the heart and the rest of the body.
-coronary circulation
17. What side of heart pumps venous blood through pulmonary
arteries to lungs? - CORRECT ANSWER right
18. Where does O2 and CO2 exchange take place? - CORRECT
ANSWER alveoli in the lungs
19. What side of the heart pumps arterial blood through the aorta
and to all parts of the body? - CORRECT ANSWER left
20. Blood flow through heart and lungs - CORRECT ANSWER
superior/inferior vena cava>RA>tricuspid valve>RV>pulmonic
valve>pulmonary arteries(to lungs for gas exchange)>alveolus of
lung>pulmonary veins(from lungs)>LA>mitral valve>LV>aortic
valve>aorta>rest of body
, 21. Thickest wall in the heart - CORRECT ANSWER left ventricle
has to pump through aorta to rest of body
22. Heart valves prevent what - CORRECT ANSWER They open
and close during relaxation and contraction to prevent the backflow of
blood (regurgitation)
23. Atrioventricular(AV) valves - CORRECT ANSWER tricuspid
(right)
mitral (left)
24. Tricuspid valve - CORRECT ANSWER 3 valve cusps directs
blood flow from RA to RV
25. Mitral valve - CORRECT ANSWER 2 cusps directs blood flow
from LA to LV
26. Chordae tendineae - CORRECT ANSWER "heart strings" are
tiny white collagenic cords that anchor the cusps to the ventricular
walls. They originate from the papillary muscles.
27. Diastole - CORRECT ANSWER ventricular filling (relaxation)
-AV valves open
-valve leaflets, chordae, papillary muscles form a tunnel for blood to
flow to ventricles
28. Systole - CORRECT ANSWER ventricular contraction
-valve cusps closed
- back flow of blood unto atria is prevented by contraction of
papillary muscles and chordae tension
29. First heart sound - CORRECT ANSWER closure of AV valves
(tricuspid/mitral)
best heard at apex (left side, 5th intercostal space, midcalvicular line)
30. Semilunar (SL) valves - CORRECT ANSWER -Prevent back
flow into the ventricles when ventricles relax
-closed during diastole
-Aortic semilunar valve
Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED
100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
1. Where is the top(base) of the heart located - CORRECT ANSWER
approximately at level of 2nd intercostal space
2. Where is the bottom (apex) of the heart located - CORRECT
ANSWER just above diaphragm to left of sternum at 5th intercostal
space, midclavicular line
- can be palpated for ventricular contraction
3. Where is the point of max impulse in the heart - CORRECT ANSWER
bottom of the heart (apex)
4. Average size of the heart - CORRECT ANSWER 12 cm long, 8 cm
wide, 6 cm thick
5. Average beats a day/year - CORRECT ANSWER 100,000/3 billion
6. Pericardium - CORRECT ANSWER outermost layer of the heart
7. Myocardium - CORRECT ANSWER muscular, middle layer of the
heart
-composed of cardiac muscle cells
-responsible for hearts ability to contract
8. Endocardium - CORRECT ANSWER thin layer of tissue that lines
inner surface of heart muscle and chambers
-extensions and folds of this tissue form heart valves
9. Fibrous pericardium - CORRECT ANSWER -anchors heart to chest
-outer, tough, fibrous sac, comes in contact with covering of lung
(pleura)
-attached to center of diaphragm inferiorly, sternum anteriorly,
esophagus, trachea, and main bronchi posteriorly
,10. Serous pericardium - CORRECT ANSWER inner, fluid-
secreting membrane (2 layers)
-parietal layer-lines inner surface of fibrous sac
-visceral layer (epicardium)-lines outer surface of the heart muscle
11. Pericardial space - CORRECT ANSWER the narrow space
between the visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium -
provides room for heart to contract/relax
12. -filled with approx. 10-30mL of thin clear fluid (pericardial fluid)
secreted by serous layers
13. Pericardial fluid - CORRECT ANSWER provides lubrication in
pericardial space preventing friction
14. Pericardiocentesis - CORRECT ANSWER surgical puncture to
aspirate fluid from the sac surrounding the heart if accumulation of
fluid or blood in pericardial space that interferes with ventricular filling
and hearts ability to contract
15. Pulmonary circuit - CORRECT ANSWER system of blood
vessels that carries blood between the heart and the lungs
16. Systemic circuit - CORRECT ANSWER Circuit of blood that
carries blood between the heart and the rest of the body.
-coronary circulation
17. What side of heart pumps venous blood through pulmonary
arteries to lungs? - CORRECT ANSWER right
18. Where does O2 and CO2 exchange take place? - CORRECT
ANSWER alveoli in the lungs
19. What side of the heart pumps arterial blood through the aorta
and to all parts of the body? - CORRECT ANSWER left
20. Blood flow through heart and lungs - CORRECT ANSWER
superior/inferior vena cava>RA>tricuspid valve>RV>pulmonic
valve>pulmonary arteries(to lungs for gas exchange)>alveolus of
lung>pulmonary veins(from lungs)>LA>mitral valve>LV>aortic
valve>aorta>rest of body
, 21. Thickest wall in the heart - CORRECT ANSWER left ventricle
has to pump through aorta to rest of body
22. Heart valves prevent what - CORRECT ANSWER They open
and close during relaxation and contraction to prevent the backflow of
blood (regurgitation)
23. Atrioventricular(AV) valves - CORRECT ANSWER tricuspid
(right)
mitral (left)
24. Tricuspid valve - CORRECT ANSWER 3 valve cusps directs
blood flow from RA to RV
25. Mitral valve - CORRECT ANSWER 2 cusps directs blood flow
from LA to LV
26. Chordae tendineae - CORRECT ANSWER "heart strings" are
tiny white collagenic cords that anchor the cusps to the ventricular
walls. They originate from the papillary muscles.
27. Diastole - CORRECT ANSWER ventricular filling (relaxation)
-AV valves open
-valve leaflets, chordae, papillary muscles form a tunnel for blood to
flow to ventricles
28. Systole - CORRECT ANSWER ventricular contraction
-valve cusps closed
- back flow of blood unto atria is prevented by contraction of
papillary muscles and chordae tension
29. First heart sound - CORRECT ANSWER closure of AV valves
(tricuspid/mitral)
best heard at apex (left side, 5th intercostal space, midcalvicular line)
30. Semilunar (SL) valves - CORRECT ANSWER -Prevent back
flow into the ventricles when ventricles relax
-closed during diastole
-Aortic semilunar valve
