Anatomy & Physiology An Integrative
Approach 4th Edition Michael McKinley
Test Bank 2026/ 2027
Chapter 1: The Sciences of Anatomy and Physiology (Questions 1–10)
1. Which of the following best describes the relationship between anatomy and
physiology as presented in an integrative approach?
A. Anatomy focuses on function while physiology focuses on structure.
B. Anatomy and physiology are unrelated disciplines that study different organ
systems.
C. Anatomy examines structure while physiology examines function, and the two
are inseparable because structure determines function.
D. Physiology is only concerned with microscopic structures.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The integrative approach emphasizes that anatomy (structure) and
physiology (function) are inherently linked—understanding how a structure is
arranged helps explain how it performs its specific role. This principle is
foundational to the McKinley textbook's philosophy .
2. A scientist studying how the kidneys regulate blood pressure and fluid volume
is primarily investigating:
A. Gross anatomy
B. Systemic anatomy
C. Renal physiology
D. Histology
Correct Answer: C
, Rationale: Renal physiology specifically examines kidney function, including
filtration, reabsorption, and regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance. This is
a functional (physiological) study rather than a structural one .
3. Which level of structural organization is composed of two or more tissue
types working together for a specific function?
A. Cellular level
B. Tissue level
C. Organ level
D. Organismal level
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An organ is formed from two or more tissue types that perform a
specific function. For example, the stomach contains epithelial, connective,
muscle, and nervous tissues working together for digestion .
4. Select ALL that apply regarding positive feedback mechanisms.
A. The response enhances or amplifies the original stimulus.
B. Blood clotting is an example of positive feedback.
C. Uterine contractions during childbirth intensify due to positive feedback.
D. Positive feedback is the primary mechanism for maintaining homeostasis in the
body.
E. Positive feedback mechanisms typically require an external event to stop the
cycle.
Correct Answers: A, B, C, E
Rationale: Positive feedback amplifies the initial stimulus, as seen in blood
clotting (clotting factors accelerate further clotting) and childbirth (contractions
intensify until delivery). Unlike negative feedback, positive feedback is not the
,primary homeostatic mechanism and usually requires an external event (e.g.,
delivery of the baby) to terminate the cycle .
5. A cut that divides the body into equal left and right halves is specifically called
a:
A. Transverse plane
B. Frontal plane
C. Midsagittal plane
D. Oblique plane
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The midsagittal plane passes through the midline, creating equal
left and right halves. A sagittal plane divides left and right but may not be equal.
The frontal plane divides anterior/posterior, and the transverse plane divides
superior/inferior .
6. The term "proximal" means:
A. Closer to the point of attachment to the trunk
B. Farther from the midline
C. Toward the back of the body
D. Below another structure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Proximal describes a structure nearer to the trunk or point of origin
(e.g., the elbow is proximal to the wrist). Distal means farther from the
attachment point .
7. Which body cavity is lined by the pericardium?
, A. Abdominopelvic cavity
B. Cranial cavity
C. Thoracic cavity (specifically the pericardial cavity)
D. Spinal cavity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The pericardium is the serous membrane surrounding the heart
within the pericardial cavity, which is located in the thoracic cavity .
8. The diaphragm separates which two body cavities?
A. Cranial and spinal
B. Thoracic and abdominopelvic
C. Pelvic and abdominal
D. Pleural and pericardial
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The diaphragm is a muscular partition that separates the thoracic
cavity (containing the heart and lungs) from the abdominopelvic cavity (containing
digestive and reproductive organs) .
9. Select ALL that apply regarding characteristics of living organisms.
A. Growth and development
B. Reproduction
C. Crystallization
D. Adaptation through evolution
E. Metabolism
Correct Answers: A, B, D, E
Approach 4th Edition Michael McKinley
Test Bank 2026/ 2027
Chapter 1: The Sciences of Anatomy and Physiology (Questions 1–10)
1. Which of the following best describes the relationship between anatomy and
physiology as presented in an integrative approach?
A. Anatomy focuses on function while physiology focuses on structure.
B. Anatomy and physiology are unrelated disciplines that study different organ
systems.
C. Anatomy examines structure while physiology examines function, and the two
are inseparable because structure determines function.
D. Physiology is only concerned with microscopic structures.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The integrative approach emphasizes that anatomy (structure) and
physiology (function) are inherently linked—understanding how a structure is
arranged helps explain how it performs its specific role. This principle is
foundational to the McKinley textbook's philosophy .
2. A scientist studying how the kidneys regulate blood pressure and fluid volume
is primarily investigating:
A. Gross anatomy
B. Systemic anatomy
C. Renal physiology
D. Histology
Correct Answer: C
, Rationale: Renal physiology specifically examines kidney function, including
filtration, reabsorption, and regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance. This is
a functional (physiological) study rather than a structural one .
3. Which level of structural organization is composed of two or more tissue
types working together for a specific function?
A. Cellular level
B. Tissue level
C. Organ level
D. Organismal level
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An organ is formed from two or more tissue types that perform a
specific function. For example, the stomach contains epithelial, connective,
muscle, and nervous tissues working together for digestion .
4. Select ALL that apply regarding positive feedback mechanisms.
A. The response enhances or amplifies the original stimulus.
B. Blood clotting is an example of positive feedback.
C. Uterine contractions during childbirth intensify due to positive feedback.
D. Positive feedback is the primary mechanism for maintaining homeostasis in the
body.
E. Positive feedback mechanisms typically require an external event to stop the
cycle.
Correct Answers: A, B, C, E
Rationale: Positive feedback amplifies the initial stimulus, as seen in blood
clotting (clotting factors accelerate further clotting) and childbirth (contractions
intensify until delivery). Unlike negative feedback, positive feedback is not the
,primary homeostatic mechanism and usually requires an external event (e.g.,
delivery of the baby) to terminate the cycle .
5. A cut that divides the body into equal left and right halves is specifically called
a:
A. Transverse plane
B. Frontal plane
C. Midsagittal plane
D. Oblique plane
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The midsagittal plane passes through the midline, creating equal
left and right halves. A sagittal plane divides left and right but may not be equal.
The frontal plane divides anterior/posterior, and the transverse plane divides
superior/inferior .
6. The term "proximal" means:
A. Closer to the point of attachment to the trunk
B. Farther from the midline
C. Toward the back of the body
D. Below another structure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Proximal describes a structure nearer to the trunk or point of origin
(e.g., the elbow is proximal to the wrist). Distal means farther from the
attachment point .
7. Which body cavity is lined by the pericardium?
, A. Abdominopelvic cavity
B. Cranial cavity
C. Thoracic cavity (specifically the pericardial cavity)
D. Spinal cavity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The pericardium is the serous membrane surrounding the heart
within the pericardial cavity, which is located in the thoracic cavity .
8. The diaphragm separates which two body cavities?
A. Cranial and spinal
B. Thoracic and abdominopelvic
C. Pelvic and abdominal
D. Pleural and pericardial
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The diaphragm is a muscular partition that separates the thoracic
cavity (containing the heart and lungs) from the abdominopelvic cavity (containing
digestive and reproductive organs) .
9. Select ALL that apply regarding characteristics of living organisms.
A. Growth and development
B. Reproduction
C. Crystallization
D. Adaptation through evolution
E. Metabolism
Correct Answers: A, B, D, E
