PECT Modules 1, 2, and 3 – Complete Bundle
Practice Exam
Section I: Module 1 – Child Development, Learning, and Assessment (1–50)
1. According to Piaget, which stage of cognitive development is characterized by egocentric
thinking and symbolic play?
A. Sensorimotor
B. Preoperational
C. Concrete operational
D. Formal operational
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The preoperational stage (ages 2–7) is characterized by egocentrism, symbolic
play, and lack of conservation.
2. According to Piaget, at what stage does a child develop conservation and reversibility?
A. Sensorimotor
B. Preoperational
C. Concrete operational
D. Formal operational
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The concrete operational stage (ages 7–11) is characterized by conservation,
reversibility, and logical thinking about concrete objects.
3. According to Vygotsky, what is the zone of proximal development?
A. The gap between what a child can do alone and what they can do with assistance
B. The gap between what a child knows and what they need to learn
C. The gap between what a child can do and what adults can do
D. The gap between what a child can do and what peers can do
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The ZPD is the range of tasks a child can perform with guidance but not yet
independently.
,4. According to Erikson, which psychosocial stage occurs during early childhood (ages 3–5)?
A. Trust vs. mistrust
B. Autonomy vs. shame
C. Initiative vs. guilt
D. Industry vs. inferiority
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The initiative vs. guilt stage (ages 3–5) involves developing initiative through
exploration and play.
5. According to Erikson, which psychosocial stage occurs during middle childhood (ages 6–12)?
A. Trust vs. mistrust
B. Autonomy vs. shame
C. Initiative vs. guilt
D. Industry vs. inferiority
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The industry vs. inferiority stage (ages 6–12) involves developing competence
through mastery of skills.
6. According to Kohlberg, which level of moral development is characterized by avoiding
punishment and seeking rewards?
A. Preconventional
B. Conventional
C. Postconventional
D. Autonomous
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The preconventional level (ages 0–9) is characterized by avoiding punishment
and seeking rewards.
7. According to Bowlby, what is attachment?
A. An emotional bond between a child and a primary caregiver
B. A cognitive bond between a child and a teacher
C. A physical bond between a child and a sibling
D. A social bond between a child and a peer
, Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Attachment is a lasting emotional bond between a child and a primary caregiver.
8. Which type of attachment is characterized by a child who is distressed when the caregiver
leaves and happy when they return?
A. Secure attachment
B. Avoidant attachment
C. Ambivalent attachment
D. Disorganized attachment
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Secure attachment is characterized by distress at separation and joy at reunion.
9. Which theorist is associated with classical conditioning?
A. B.F. Skinner
B. Ivan Pavlov
C. Albert Bandura
D. Jean Piaget
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ivan Pavlov is associated with classical conditioning.
10. Which theorist is associated with operant conditioning?
A. B.F. Skinner
B. Ivan Pavlov
C. Albert Bandura
D. Jean Piaget
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: B.F. Skinner is associated with operant conditioning.
11. Which theorist is associated with social learning theory?
A. B.F. Skinner
B. Ivan Pavlov
, C. Albert Bandura
D. Jean Piaget
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Albert Bandura is associated with social learning theory, which emphasizes
observation and modeling.
12. Which theorist is associated with the theory of multiple intelligences?
A. Howard Gardner
B. B.F. Skinner
C. Jean Piaget
D. Lev Vygotsky
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Howard Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligences.
13. Which theorist is associated with the theory of cognitive development?
A. Howard Gardner
B. B.F. Skinner
C. Jean Piaget
D. Lev Vygotsky
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Jean Piaget proposed the theory of cognitive development.
14. What is the difference between formative and summative assessment?
A. Formative is ongoing; summative is at the end
B. Formative is at the end; summative is ongoing
C. Both are ongoing
D. Both are at the end
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Formative assessment is ongoing and used to guide instruction; summative
assessment is at the end to evaluate learning.
15. What is a norm-referenced assessment?
Practice Exam
Section I: Module 1 – Child Development, Learning, and Assessment (1–50)
1. According to Piaget, which stage of cognitive development is characterized by egocentric
thinking and symbolic play?
A. Sensorimotor
B. Preoperational
C. Concrete operational
D. Formal operational
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The preoperational stage (ages 2–7) is characterized by egocentrism, symbolic
play, and lack of conservation.
2. According to Piaget, at what stage does a child develop conservation and reversibility?
A. Sensorimotor
B. Preoperational
C. Concrete operational
D. Formal operational
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The concrete operational stage (ages 7–11) is characterized by conservation,
reversibility, and logical thinking about concrete objects.
3. According to Vygotsky, what is the zone of proximal development?
A. The gap between what a child can do alone and what they can do with assistance
B. The gap between what a child knows and what they need to learn
C. The gap between what a child can do and what adults can do
D. The gap between what a child can do and what peers can do
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The ZPD is the range of tasks a child can perform with guidance but not yet
independently.
,4. According to Erikson, which psychosocial stage occurs during early childhood (ages 3–5)?
A. Trust vs. mistrust
B. Autonomy vs. shame
C. Initiative vs. guilt
D. Industry vs. inferiority
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The initiative vs. guilt stage (ages 3–5) involves developing initiative through
exploration and play.
5. According to Erikson, which psychosocial stage occurs during middle childhood (ages 6–12)?
A. Trust vs. mistrust
B. Autonomy vs. shame
C. Initiative vs. guilt
D. Industry vs. inferiority
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The industry vs. inferiority stage (ages 6–12) involves developing competence
through mastery of skills.
6. According to Kohlberg, which level of moral development is characterized by avoiding
punishment and seeking rewards?
A. Preconventional
B. Conventional
C. Postconventional
D. Autonomous
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The preconventional level (ages 0–9) is characterized by avoiding punishment
and seeking rewards.
7. According to Bowlby, what is attachment?
A. An emotional bond between a child and a primary caregiver
B. A cognitive bond between a child and a teacher
C. A physical bond between a child and a sibling
D. A social bond between a child and a peer
, Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Attachment is a lasting emotional bond between a child and a primary caregiver.
8. Which type of attachment is characterized by a child who is distressed when the caregiver
leaves and happy when they return?
A. Secure attachment
B. Avoidant attachment
C. Ambivalent attachment
D. Disorganized attachment
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Secure attachment is characterized by distress at separation and joy at reunion.
9. Which theorist is associated with classical conditioning?
A. B.F. Skinner
B. Ivan Pavlov
C. Albert Bandura
D. Jean Piaget
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ivan Pavlov is associated with classical conditioning.
10. Which theorist is associated with operant conditioning?
A. B.F. Skinner
B. Ivan Pavlov
C. Albert Bandura
D. Jean Piaget
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: B.F. Skinner is associated with operant conditioning.
11. Which theorist is associated with social learning theory?
A. B.F. Skinner
B. Ivan Pavlov
, C. Albert Bandura
D. Jean Piaget
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Albert Bandura is associated with social learning theory, which emphasizes
observation and modeling.
12. Which theorist is associated with the theory of multiple intelligences?
A. Howard Gardner
B. B.F. Skinner
C. Jean Piaget
D. Lev Vygotsky
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Howard Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligences.
13. Which theorist is associated with the theory of cognitive development?
A. Howard Gardner
B. B.F. Skinner
C. Jean Piaget
D. Lev Vygotsky
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Jean Piaget proposed the theory of cognitive development.
14. What is the difference between formative and summative assessment?
A. Formative is ongoing; summative is at the end
B. Formative is at the end; summative is ongoing
C. Both are ongoing
D. Both are at the end
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Formative assessment is ongoing and used to guide instruction; summative
assessment is at the end to evaluate learning.
15. What is a norm-referenced assessment?
