NSG 101 — Fundamentals of Nursing exam
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1. Which nursing action best demonstrates the principle of patient-
centered care?
A. Making decisions for the patient to save time
B. Following the same care plan for every patient
C. Including the patient in decisions about their care
D. Asking the family to make all treatment decisions
Rationale: Patient-centered care recognizes the patient as an active
participant in healthcare decisions. Nurses should respect the patient's
preferences, values, needs, and goals while providing safe and
evidence-based care.
2. Which action is most effective for preventing the transmission of
infection in healthcare settings?
,A. Wearing a mask for every patient interaction
B. Performing hand hygiene before and after patient contact
C. Using sterile gloves for routine procedures
D. Administering antibiotics prophylactically
Rationale: Hand hygiene is one of the most effective ways to prevent
the spread of microorganisms. It should be performed before and
after patient contact and whenever contamination is suspected.
3. A nurse is preparing to administer medication to a patient. Which
action should the nurse take first?
A. Document the medication
B. Ask another nurse to administer it
C. Verify the patient's identity using approved identifiers
D. Explain possible adverse effects
Rationale: Correct patient identification is a fundamental medication-
safety measure. Using at least two approved identifiers helps prevent
medication errors involving the wrong patient.
4. Which position is generally appropriate for a patient experiencing
difficulty breathing?
A. Supine
B. Prone
,C. Trendelenburg
D. High-Fowler's
Rationale: High-Fowler's position elevates the upper body and
promotes lung expansion. This can improve ventilation and reduce the
work of breathing in patients with respiratory difficulty.
5. Which finding should the nurse recognize as an early indication of
hypoxia?
A. Cyanosis
B. Severe hypotension
C. Restlessness and anxiety
D. Loss of consciousness
Rationale: Restlessness, anxiety, and confusion may occur early when
oxygenation is inadequate. Cyanosis and loss of consciousness are
generally later and more severe manifestations.
6. What is the primary purpose of obtaining a nursing health
history?
A. To determine the patient's insurance status
B. To establish the patient's diagnosis independently
C. To collect information about the patient's health status and needs
D. To replace the physical examination
, Rationale: The nursing health history provides subjective information
about the patient's health, concerns, lifestyle, symptoms, and needs.
This information contributes to comprehensive nursing assessment
and care planning.
7. Which component of the nursing process involves collecting
subjective and objective information?
A. Planning
B. Implementation
C. Evaluation
D. Assessment
Rationale: Assessment is the first step of the nursing process. It
involves systematically collecting, validating, organizing, and
documenting information about the patient's health status.
8. A nurse documents a patient's blood pressure as 138/84 mmHg.
This is an example of what type of data?
A. Subjective data
B. Historical data
C. Objective data
D. Perceptual data
Questions and Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationale 2027 Q&A| Instant
Download Pdf
1. Which nursing action best demonstrates the principle of patient-
centered care?
A. Making decisions for the patient to save time
B. Following the same care plan for every patient
C. Including the patient in decisions about their care
D. Asking the family to make all treatment decisions
Rationale: Patient-centered care recognizes the patient as an active
participant in healthcare decisions. Nurses should respect the patient's
preferences, values, needs, and goals while providing safe and
evidence-based care.
2. Which action is most effective for preventing the transmission of
infection in healthcare settings?
,A. Wearing a mask for every patient interaction
B. Performing hand hygiene before and after patient contact
C. Using sterile gloves for routine procedures
D. Administering antibiotics prophylactically
Rationale: Hand hygiene is one of the most effective ways to prevent
the spread of microorganisms. It should be performed before and
after patient contact and whenever contamination is suspected.
3. A nurse is preparing to administer medication to a patient. Which
action should the nurse take first?
A. Document the medication
B. Ask another nurse to administer it
C. Verify the patient's identity using approved identifiers
D. Explain possible adverse effects
Rationale: Correct patient identification is a fundamental medication-
safety measure. Using at least two approved identifiers helps prevent
medication errors involving the wrong patient.
4. Which position is generally appropriate for a patient experiencing
difficulty breathing?
A. Supine
B. Prone
,C. Trendelenburg
D. High-Fowler's
Rationale: High-Fowler's position elevates the upper body and
promotes lung expansion. This can improve ventilation and reduce the
work of breathing in patients with respiratory difficulty.
5. Which finding should the nurse recognize as an early indication of
hypoxia?
A. Cyanosis
B. Severe hypotension
C. Restlessness and anxiety
D. Loss of consciousness
Rationale: Restlessness, anxiety, and confusion may occur early when
oxygenation is inadequate. Cyanosis and loss of consciousness are
generally later and more severe manifestations.
6. What is the primary purpose of obtaining a nursing health
history?
A. To determine the patient's insurance status
B. To establish the patient's diagnosis independently
C. To collect information about the patient's health status and needs
D. To replace the physical examination
, Rationale: The nursing health history provides subjective information
about the patient's health, concerns, lifestyle, symptoms, and needs.
This information contributes to comprehensive nursing assessment
and care planning.
7. Which component of the nursing process involves collecting
subjective and objective information?
A. Planning
B. Implementation
C. Evaluation
D. Assessment
Rationale: Assessment is the first step of the nursing process. It
involves systematically collecting, validating, organizing, and
documenting information about the patient's health status.
8. A nurse documents a patient's blood pressure as 138/84 mmHg.
This is an example of what type of data?
A. Subjective data
B. Historical data
C. Objective data
D. Perceptual data
