NSG 307 — Oncology Nursing exam
Questions and Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationale 2027 Q&A|
Instant Download Pdf
1.
A nurse is assessing a client who has recently been diagnosed with
cancer. Which characteristic of malignant cells distinguishes them from
normal cells?
A. They undergo controlled apoptosis
B. They maintain normal contact inhibition
C. They invade surrounding tissues and may metastasize
D. They remain differentiated throughout their life cycle
Answer: C. They invade surrounding tissues and may metastasize
Rationale: Malignant cells characteristically have uncontrolled
growth, loss of normal cellular regulation, invasion of surrounding
tissues, and the potential to spread to distant sites through
,metastasis. Normal cells generally maintain regulated growth and
tissue boundaries.
2.
Which term describes the spread of cancer cells from the original tumor
to a distant site?
A. Differentiation
B. Metastasis
C. Encapsulation
D. Hyperplasia
Answer: B. Metastasis
Rationale: Metastasis occurs when malignant cells leave the primary
tumor, enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system, and establish
tumors at distant sites. It is a major feature of advanced malignant
disease.
3.
A client is undergoing chemotherapy. Which laboratory value is most
important for the nurse to monitor for evidence of myelosuppression?
A. Hemoglobin A1c
B. Serum calcium
,C. Complete blood count
D. Liver ultrasound
Answer: C. Complete blood count
Rationale: Chemotherapy can suppress bone marrow function, leading
to anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. A complete blood
count provides information about all three major blood cell lines and
is therefore essential for monitoring treatment-related
myelosuppression.
4.
A client receiving chemotherapy has an absolute neutrophil count of
400 cells/mm³. Which nursing intervention has the highest priority?
A. Encourage fresh flowers in the room
B. Initiate precautions to reduce infection exposure
C. Encourage raw fruits and vegetables
D. Limit oral fluid intake
Answer: B. Initiate precautions to reduce infection exposure
Rationale: An absolute neutrophil count below 500 cells/mm³
indicates severe neutropenia and a high risk for infection. The nurse
should implement appropriate infection-prevention measures and
closely monitor for fever or other signs of infection.
, 5.
A client receiving chemotherapy develops a temperature of 38.5°C
(101.3°F). What is the nurse's priority action?
A. Administer acetaminophen and reassess in 4 hours
B. Encourage the client to ambulate
C. Notify the healthcare provider promptly
D. Place the client on fluid restriction
Answer: C. Notify the healthcare provider promptly
Rationale: Fever in a neutropenic client is a potential medical
emergency because infection can progress rapidly without adequate
neutrophils to mount an effective response. Prompt evaluation and
treatment are essential.
6.
Which adverse effect is most commonly associated with chemotherapy-
induced damage to rapidly dividing cells of the gastrointestinal tract?
A. Constipation only
B. Oral mucositis
C. Cataracts
D. Hearing improvement
Answer: B. Oral mucositis
Questions and Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationale 2027 Q&A|
Instant Download Pdf
1.
A nurse is assessing a client who has recently been diagnosed with
cancer. Which characteristic of malignant cells distinguishes them from
normal cells?
A. They undergo controlled apoptosis
B. They maintain normal contact inhibition
C. They invade surrounding tissues and may metastasize
D. They remain differentiated throughout their life cycle
Answer: C. They invade surrounding tissues and may metastasize
Rationale: Malignant cells characteristically have uncontrolled
growth, loss of normal cellular regulation, invasion of surrounding
tissues, and the potential to spread to distant sites through
,metastasis. Normal cells generally maintain regulated growth and
tissue boundaries.
2.
Which term describes the spread of cancer cells from the original tumor
to a distant site?
A. Differentiation
B. Metastasis
C. Encapsulation
D. Hyperplasia
Answer: B. Metastasis
Rationale: Metastasis occurs when malignant cells leave the primary
tumor, enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system, and establish
tumors at distant sites. It is a major feature of advanced malignant
disease.
3.
A client is undergoing chemotherapy. Which laboratory value is most
important for the nurse to monitor for evidence of myelosuppression?
A. Hemoglobin A1c
B. Serum calcium
,C. Complete blood count
D. Liver ultrasound
Answer: C. Complete blood count
Rationale: Chemotherapy can suppress bone marrow function, leading
to anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. A complete blood
count provides information about all three major blood cell lines and
is therefore essential for monitoring treatment-related
myelosuppression.
4.
A client receiving chemotherapy has an absolute neutrophil count of
400 cells/mm³. Which nursing intervention has the highest priority?
A. Encourage fresh flowers in the room
B. Initiate precautions to reduce infection exposure
C. Encourage raw fruits and vegetables
D. Limit oral fluid intake
Answer: B. Initiate precautions to reduce infection exposure
Rationale: An absolute neutrophil count below 500 cells/mm³
indicates severe neutropenia and a high risk for infection. The nurse
should implement appropriate infection-prevention measures and
closely monitor for fever or other signs of infection.
, 5.
A client receiving chemotherapy develops a temperature of 38.5°C
(101.3°F). What is the nurse's priority action?
A. Administer acetaminophen and reassess in 4 hours
B. Encourage the client to ambulate
C. Notify the healthcare provider promptly
D. Place the client on fluid restriction
Answer: C. Notify the healthcare provider promptly
Rationale: Fever in a neutropenic client is a potential medical
emergency because infection can progress rapidly without adequate
neutrophils to mount an effective response. Prompt evaluation and
treatment are essential.
6.
Which adverse effect is most commonly associated with chemotherapy-
induced damage to rapidly dividing cells of the gastrointestinal tract?
A. Constipation only
B. Oral mucositis
C. Cataracts
D. Hearing improvement
Answer: B. Oral mucositis
