Practice Test - Differences in Personality
Cleaned and reformatted from the uploaded practice-exam PDF
1. The process by which the ego directs the individual to express sexual and
aggressive impulses in socially acceptable ways is the:
A. Primary process thinking
B. Pleasure principle
C. Reality principle
D. Morality principle
2. Bill's friends and family believe that he has a drinking problem. When Bill is
confronted by his loved ones, he claims that his drinking is not problematic. What
type of defense mechanism is Bill's response?
A. Repression
B. Rationalization
C. Denial
D. Displacement
3. When Mary was a child, her father liked to take many pictures of her. He always
said "Say cheese" before he took the picture, and he always used a flash. Every
time the flash hit Mary, she winced slightly. Now, whenever she hears "Say
cheese," she winces. What is this an example of?
A. Operant conditioning
B. Classical conditioning
C. Vicarious conditioning
D. Counterconditioning
4. Your school has a goal of students being more prepared for class. For the first
time ever, all of your students come to class prepared. How would you use positive
reinforcement to try to increase the chance of this behavior happening again?
A. Give the entire class a free ice-cream pass to use in the cafeteria.
B. Take away a homework assignment for that night.
C. Drop each student's lowest test grade for that marking period.
D. Don't do anything. Students should be prepared anyway.
5. How can behavior be explained according to social cognitive learning theory?
A. In terms of internal personality traits only
B. In terms of interactions between the person and the environment
C. In terms of punishments and rewards only
D. In terms of a reaction to environmental stimuli
6. Rogers believed that:
A. People are basically sinful.
B. Behavior is primarily determined by unconscious conflict.
C. People are basically good and capable of becoming fully functioning/conscious.
D. The self is fixed and unchangeable.
Differences in Personality - Practice Test
, 7. Which of the following researchers was a proponent of the multifactor theory of
intelligence?
A. Spearman
B. Vernon
C. Guilford
D. Galton
8. Consider the following statements regarding correlations.
I. The 'third variable problem' means causality cannot be established from a
correlation alone.
II. One of the strengths of correlational research is that it provides information
about the causal relationship between variables.
A. Both statements are correct.
B. Both statements are incorrect.
C. Statement I is correct; Statement II is incorrect.
D. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is correct.
9. The basic assumption shared by trait personality theorists is that:
A. Traits are consistent across situations.
B. The unconscious mind is the underlying source of the traits we have.
C. Traits are learned habits that are modified by reinforcers.
D. People possess traits to the same degree but differ in how they choose to apply them.
10. Which of the following are traits associated with someone scoring high on
agreeableness?
A. Anxious, nervous, moody
B. Assertive, dominant, energetic
C. Trustworthy, gentle, modest
D. Careful, thoughtful, ambitious
11. Mischel (1968) believed that traits did not accurately capture personality and
highlighted the lack of support for the predictive power of ______ to predict
behavior in ______. Mischel referred to the frequently identified ______ between the
two.
A. Specific personality traits; general situations; low correlations
B. Broad personality traits; specific situations; low correlations
C. Broad personality traits; specific situations; high correlations
D. Specific personality traits; general situations; high correlations
12. Which of the following factors is assumed to have a greater effect on individual
differences in intelligence in dizygotic twins?
A. The non-shared environment.
B. The shared environment.
C. The shared and non-shared environment have the same amount of influence.
D. It is impossible to tell if the shared or non-shared environment has a greater effect.
13. Children with a high activity level trigger more hostility in their teachers than
other children. What is this an example of?
A. Aggressive attribution bias
Differences in Personality - Practice Test
Cleaned and reformatted from the uploaded practice-exam PDF
1. The process by which the ego directs the individual to express sexual and
aggressive impulses in socially acceptable ways is the:
A. Primary process thinking
B. Pleasure principle
C. Reality principle
D. Morality principle
2. Bill's friends and family believe that he has a drinking problem. When Bill is
confronted by his loved ones, he claims that his drinking is not problematic. What
type of defense mechanism is Bill's response?
A. Repression
B. Rationalization
C. Denial
D. Displacement
3. When Mary was a child, her father liked to take many pictures of her. He always
said "Say cheese" before he took the picture, and he always used a flash. Every
time the flash hit Mary, she winced slightly. Now, whenever she hears "Say
cheese," she winces. What is this an example of?
A. Operant conditioning
B. Classical conditioning
C. Vicarious conditioning
D. Counterconditioning
4. Your school has a goal of students being more prepared for class. For the first
time ever, all of your students come to class prepared. How would you use positive
reinforcement to try to increase the chance of this behavior happening again?
A. Give the entire class a free ice-cream pass to use in the cafeteria.
B. Take away a homework assignment for that night.
C. Drop each student's lowest test grade for that marking period.
D. Don't do anything. Students should be prepared anyway.
5. How can behavior be explained according to social cognitive learning theory?
A. In terms of internal personality traits only
B. In terms of interactions between the person and the environment
C. In terms of punishments and rewards only
D. In terms of a reaction to environmental stimuli
6. Rogers believed that:
A. People are basically sinful.
B. Behavior is primarily determined by unconscious conflict.
C. People are basically good and capable of becoming fully functioning/conscious.
D. The self is fixed and unchangeable.
Differences in Personality - Practice Test
, 7. Which of the following researchers was a proponent of the multifactor theory of
intelligence?
A. Spearman
B. Vernon
C. Guilford
D. Galton
8. Consider the following statements regarding correlations.
I. The 'third variable problem' means causality cannot be established from a
correlation alone.
II. One of the strengths of correlational research is that it provides information
about the causal relationship between variables.
A. Both statements are correct.
B. Both statements are incorrect.
C. Statement I is correct; Statement II is incorrect.
D. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is correct.
9. The basic assumption shared by trait personality theorists is that:
A. Traits are consistent across situations.
B. The unconscious mind is the underlying source of the traits we have.
C. Traits are learned habits that are modified by reinforcers.
D. People possess traits to the same degree but differ in how they choose to apply them.
10. Which of the following are traits associated with someone scoring high on
agreeableness?
A. Anxious, nervous, moody
B. Assertive, dominant, energetic
C. Trustworthy, gentle, modest
D. Careful, thoughtful, ambitious
11. Mischel (1968) believed that traits did not accurately capture personality and
highlighted the lack of support for the predictive power of ______ to predict
behavior in ______. Mischel referred to the frequently identified ______ between the
two.
A. Specific personality traits; general situations; low correlations
B. Broad personality traits; specific situations; low correlations
C. Broad personality traits; specific situations; high correlations
D. Specific personality traits; general situations; high correlations
12. Which of the following factors is assumed to have a greater effect on individual
differences in intelligence in dizygotic twins?
A. The non-shared environment.
B. The shared environment.
C. The shared and non-shared environment have the same amount of influence.
D. It is impossible to tell if the shared or non-shared environment has a greater effect.
13. Children with a high activity level trigger more hostility in their teachers than
other children. What is this an example of?
A. Aggressive attribution bias
Differences in Personality - Practice Test
