Butts & Rich||Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 4th Edition(TEST BANK)chapter 1-26 covered||updated 2026.

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PHILOSOPHIES AND THEORIES FOR ADVANCED
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1-26 vv

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Chapter 1 – Philosophy of Science: An Introduction vv vv vv vv vv vv vv




1. Why are natural sciences also referred to as ―pure‖ sciences?
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A. They are considered stand-alone bodies of unique knowledge.
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B. They are the only sciences to which the scientific method can be applied.
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C. They are the original sciences upon which all others are based.
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D. They are not affected by subjectivity in the way other sciences are.
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Accurate answer:-A vv




2. Which is not an example of an applied science as used in health care today?
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A. Social work vv



B. Psychotherapy
C. Examination of care vv vv



disparitiesD. Pathology
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Accurate answer:-D vv




3. Roberta firmly believes that individual experiences are the source of all knowledge in
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theworld. As a scientist, she acknowledges her role as a participant in the experiments
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she performs and does consider herself merely a disconnected observer of phenomenon.
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Roberta’s views are most closTeE
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A. Natural
ScienceB. Human
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Science
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C. Applied Science
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D. Soft
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vv answer:-B

4. What is the ultimate goal of the scientific method?
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A. Application of scientific results to a related body of knowledge in order to meet
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sometype of human need.
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B. Examination of the decisions made by a scientist to understand the ways in vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv



whichsubjectivity was introduced to the experiment.
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C. Reproducible experimental results that do not take researcher individuality into account.
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D. Improving the situation or process used in the experiment to yield more accurate results
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in repeat experiments.
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Accurate answer:-C vv




5. Which of the following best describes the aim of natural sciences?
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A. Affirmation of the importance of cultural understanding by uncovering the
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commonsubjective biases of different disciplines.
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B. Improvement of the quality of life by understanding what helps people maximize
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theirfunctional abilities.
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C. Utilization of knowledge by applying it to a specific aim in order to better a situationor
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change viewpoints.
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D. Development of knowledge for the sake of developing knowledge, discovering truth,
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andcontrolling outcomes.
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Accurate answer:-D vv




6. Gretchen and Peter are graduate students in the same Physics lab. Their supervisor
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has asked both of them to perform the same experiment using the same procedure and
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equipment. After they’ve both completed their task, the compare their results and
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discoverthat they are nearly identical. Which of the five criteria for science does
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Gretchen and
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Peter’s discovery exemplify?
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A. Intersubjective testability vv



B. Reliability
C. Definiteness and precision vv vv



D. Coherence

Accurate answer:-A vv




7. Which statement does not describe a general characteristic of philosophy?
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A. Thinking for the sake of thinking. vv vv vv vv vv



B. Utilization of process and outcome. vv vv vv vv



C. Demarcation of wholeness and holism. vv vv vv vv



D. Application of epistemology and ontology. vv vv vv vv




Accurate answer:-C vv




8. Repetitive patterns of behavior dictated by past experiences is an example of which
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sourceof knowledge?
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A. Doctrine
B. Common
senseC. Tradition
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D.

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ccurate

answer:-C
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