HYPERTENSION AND TYPE 2 DIABETES 17
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◉ What are the major consequences of CHD?
Answer: Angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and heart failure.
◉ What are the main biological risk factors for CHD?
Answer: High cholesterol, high blood pressure, inflammation,
obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.
◉ What is metabolic syndrome?
Answer: Having three or more of the following: abdominal obesity,
high blood pressure, low HDL, poor blood sugar regulation, and high
triglycerides.
◉ How does stress contribute to CHD?
Answer: Stress increases physiological reactivity, damages blood
vessel walls, promotes inflammation, plaque buildup, and can
trigger heart attacks.
◉ How does socioeconomic status (SES) affect CHD risk?
, Answer: Low SES is linked to greater stress, poorer access to healthy
food and healthcare, earlier symptom development, and worse
recovery.
◉ What role does discrimination play in CHD?
Answer: Discrimination increases stress, cardiovascular reactivity,
inflammation, and cortisol dysregulation, raising CHD risk.
◉ Why is CHD especially important for women?
Answer: It is the leading cause of death in women; women are often
diagnosed later and have higher mortality after a first heart attack.
◉ How does menopause affect CHD risk in women?
Answer: Loss of estrogen protection increases blood pressure,
cholesterol, triglycerides, and cardiovascular reactivity.
◉ What is cynical hostility?
Answer: A personality trait involving distrust, resentment,
suspicion, anger, and antagonism toward others that increases CHD
risk.
◉ How does hostility increase CHD risk?
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◉ What are the major consequences of CHD?
Answer: Angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and heart failure.
◉ What are the main biological risk factors for CHD?
Answer: High cholesterol, high blood pressure, inflammation,
obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.
◉ What is metabolic syndrome?
Answer: Having three or more of the following: abdominal obesity,
high blood pressure, low HDL, poor blood sugar regulation, and high
triglycerides.
◉ How does stress contribute to CHD?
Answer: Stress increases physiological reactivity, damages blood
vessel walls, promotes inflammation, plaque buildup, and can
trigger heart attacks.
◉ How does socioeconomic status (SES) affect CHD risk?
, Answer: Low SES is linked to greater stress, poorer access to healthy
food and healthcare, earlier symptom development, and worse
recovery.
◉ What role does discrimination play in CHD?
Answer: Discrimination increases stress, cardiovascular reactivity,
inflammation, and cortisol dysregulation, raising CHD risk.
◉ Why is CHD especially important for women?
Answer: It is the leading cause of death in women; women are often
diagnosed later and have higher mortality after a first heart attack.
◉ How does menopause affect CHD risk in women?
Answer: Loss of estrogen protection increases blood pressure,
cholesterol, triglycerides, and cardiovascular reactivity.
◉ What is cynical hostility?
Answer: A personality trait involving distrust, resentment,
suspicion, anger, and antagonism toward others that increases CHD
risk.
◉ How does hostility increase CHD risk?
