BSC 2085 Exam 4 & Exam 2 – Yung Su
FSU Study Guide and Practice Questions
Terms in this set (384)
Original
Gross Anatomy
Study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye
Surface anatomy
exterior features
Regional anatomy
body areas
Systemic anatomy
organ systems
Clinical anatomy
medical specialties (pathological anatomy -changes that occur during illness, radiographic
anatomy -structures seen using specialized imaging techniques)
Developmental anatomy
from conception to death, includes embryology
Microscopic anatomy
requires the aid of a microscope.
Cytology
,type of Microscopic anatomy; study of structure and function of cells; fine detail (ultrastructure)
may be resolved using an electron microscope
Histology
the study of tissues and how they are arranged into organs
Histopathology
microscopic examination of tissues for signs of disease
Physiology
The study of body function
nuerophysiology
physiology of the nervous system
endocrinology
physiology of hormones
Systemic physiology
Functions of an organ system (ex. Digestive, immune)
Pathophysiology
mechanisms of disease
comparative physiology
study of different species to learn about body functions
- helps develop drugs and medical procedures
Organization heirarchy
organism -> organ system -> organ -> tissue -> cell -> organelle -> molecules -> atom
organism
a single complete individual
organ system
,group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
ex. digestion, respiration, circulation
organ
group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions
tissue
A group of similar cells that perform the same function.
cell
smallest unit to carry out all basic functions of life
organelle
structure within a cell that carries out a function
molecule
particle made of 2+ atoms
- macromolecules are largest molecules (proteins, fats, DNA)
atom
smallest particle with unique chemical identity
situs inversus
left-right reversal of organ placement
Importance of physiological variation
Variations in sex, age, diet, weight, physical activity, genetics and environment affect the
amount of medication one needs
Male physiological reference values
22 years old
154lb
light physical activity
consumes 2,800 kcal/day
female physiological reference values
, 22 years old
128lb
light physical activity
consumes 2,000 kcal/day
homeostasis
MAINTAIN INTERNAL CONDITIONS
detecting change and activating mechanisms to oppose it
- coined by Walter Cannon
Claude Bernard
noted consistant internal conditions despite changing external ones
negative feedback
Allows for dynamic equilibrium and keeps variables in a limited range around a set point
- body senses a change and reverses it
feedback loop
feedback mechanisms alter the original changes that triggered them
Negative feedback example: homeostasis in body temperature (97-99°F)
- If its too warm (> 97-99°F), skin blood vessels dilate (vasodilation) and sweating begins (heat-
losing mechanism)
- If its too cold (< 97-99°F), skin blood vessels constrict (vasoconstriction) and shivering begins
(heat-gaining mechanism)
Negative feedback example: homeostasis in blood pressure (baroreflex)
get up from bed, blood drains from head and blood pressure falls in this region
- Detected by baroreceptors that transmit signals to cardiac center of brainstem
- Cardiac center transmits signals to heart to increase heart rate, raising blood pressure and
restoring homeostasis•
- The raise in blood pressure is detected by the baroreceptors which then stops sending signals
to the cardiac center to increase heart rate
Negative feedback: receptor
FSU Study Guide and Practice Questions
Terms in this set (384)
Original
Gross Anatomy
Study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye
Surface anatomy
exterior features
Regional anatomy
body areas
Systemic anatomy
organ systems
Clinical anatomy
medical specialties (pathological anatomy -changes that occur during illness, radiographic
anatomy -structures seen using specialized imaging techniques)
Developmental anatomy
from conception to death, includes embryology
Microscopic anatomy
requires the aid of a microscope.
Cytology
,type of Microscopic anatomy; study of structure and function of cells; fine detail (ultrastructure)
may be resolved using an electron microscope
Histology
the study of tissues and how they are arranged into organs
Histopathology
microscopic examination of tissues for signs of disease
Physiology
The study of body function
nuerophysiology
physiology of the nervous system
endocrinology
physiology of hormones
Systemic physiology
Functions of an organ system (ex. Digestive, immune)
Pathophysiology
mechanisms of disease
comparative physiology
study of different species to learn about body functions
- helps develop drugs and medical procedures
Organization heirarchy
organism -> organ system -> organ -> tissue -> cell -> organelle -> molecules -> atom
organism
a single complete individual
organ system
,group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
ex. digestion, respiration, circulation
organ
group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions
tissue
A group of similar cells that perform the same function.
cell
smallest unit to carry out all basic functions of life
organelle
structure within a cell that carries out a function
molecule
particle made of 2+ atoms
- macromolecules are largest molecules (proteins, fats, DNA)
atom
smallest particle with unique chemical identity
situs inversus
left-right reversal of organ placement
Importance of physiological variation
Variations in sex, age, diet, weight, physical activity, genetics and environment affect the
amount of medication one needs
Male physiological reference values
22 years old
154lb
light physical activity
consumes 2,800 kcal/day
female physiological reference values
, 22 years old
128lb
light physical activity
consumes 2,000 kcal/day
homeostasis
MAINTAIN INTERNAL CONDITIONS
detecting change and activating mechanisms to oppose it
- coined by Walter Cannon
Claude Bernard
noted consistant internal conditions despite changing external ones
negative feedback
Allows for dynamic equilibrium and keeps variables in a limited range around a set point
- body senses a change and reverses it
feedback loop
feedback mechanisms alter the original changes that triggered them
Negative feedback example: homeostasis in body temperature (97-99°F)
- If its too warm (> 97-99°F), skin blood vessels dilate (vasodilation) and sweating begins (heat-
losing mechanism)
- If its too cold (< 97-99°F), skin blood vessels constrict (vasoconstriction) and shivering begins
(heat-gaining mechanism)
Negative feedback example: homeostasis in blood pressure (baroreflex)
get up from bed, blood drains from head and blood pressure falls in this region
- Detected by baroreceptors that transmit signals to cardiac center of brainstem
- Cardiac center transmits signals to heart to increase heart rate, raising blood pressure and
restoring homeostasis•
- The raise in blood pressure is detected by the baroreceptors which then stops sending signals
to the cardiac center to increase heart rate
Negative feedback: receptor
