WGU C458 HEALTH, FITNESS AND
WELLNESS COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE,
EXAM PREP & PRACTICE QUESTIONS
| GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCESS
UPDATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
100% VERIFIED EXAM PREP
[EXAM• STUDY GUIDE • SUMMARY • ASSIGNMENT]
A clean, organized resource designed for easy revision and reference.
QUICK • CLEAR • PROFESSIONAL
,Nutrition provides the body with the nutrients it needs to perform its daily tasks
Undernutrition implies that the individual is not getting enough nutrients. This can occur even if the
person is consuming more than enough calories
Malnutrition an imbalance of proper nutrients
Anorexia nervosa literally means loss of appetite, but this is a misnomer: A person with this is hungry, but
denies the hunger because of an irrational fear of becoming fat. Self-starvation, food
preoccupation and rituals, compulsive exercising, and often an absence of menstrual
cycles in women.
Untreated, can be fatal.
Bulimia characterized by recurring periods of binge eating, during which large amounts of food
are consumed in a short period of time followed by purging (through self-induced
vomiting, abuse of laxatives and/or diuretics) or periods of fasting
Binge eating disorder (BED) episodes of binge eating characterized by eating rapidly, eating large amounts of food
even when not feeling hungry, and feeling guilty or depressed after overeating.
Obesity 15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor dietary patterns; include increased intake of
sugars in sweetened soft drinks, foods, and meals of high energy, low nutrient density,
and large portion sizes. At risk for serious health problems such as type 2 diabetes,
hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and some types of cancer.
Minerals inorganic material. Form body parts (teeth and bones), maintain acid-base neutrality,
regulate nerve impulses, osmotic pressure, and electrolyte balance
Major minerals needed by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
,Trace minerals required in lesser amounts, and include iron, zinc, selenium, magnesium, copper, iodine,
fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, and manganese
HDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins) protect the body against heart disease. Often called "good" cholesterol.
LDL cholesterol (low density lipoproteins) most cholesterol in the blood is of this type. Often referred to as the bad cholesterol.
high levels in the blood increases the risk of fatty deposits forming in the arteries, which
in turn increases the risk of a heart attack
Lipoproteins large molecules of fat and protein in the bloodstream; how cholesterol is transported
Antioxidants slow the aging process. Reduce cellular damage by binding with free radicals produced
during oxidation reactions
Oxidation reactions the energy-yielding reactions in which either an oxygen atom adds an electron to or a
hydrogen atom removes an electron from a substrate (a group of atoms or molecule)—
the net result is a substrate that has had a partial or complete loss of a negatively charge
particle, an electron. Two partially charged atoms or groups of atoms, one positively
charged and the other negatively charged, now exist
Free radical (Oxidant) any atom or group of atoms that has an unpaired electron. Because electrons typically
function in pairs, these are very prone to binding to other substrates in an effort to regain
this paired status. When this happens in the human body, there is potential for a great
deal of damage.
Carbohydrates produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Found in foods as monosaccharides,
disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Sources include fruits, vegetables, pasta, and rice
which consist of simple sugars and starches
Protein produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Sources include meats and milk. Composed of 8
essential(provided by the diet) and 12 nonessential(synthesized by the body) amino acids.
Perform many functions including building cells and tissues, forming blood and enzymes,
and fighting infection.
means primary, and no organism can live, and almost no biological process can take
place, without it
, Lipids produce 9 calories of energy per gram. Organic compounds that do not readily dissolve
in water; based on their solubility, they are classified into triglycerides (more commonly
known as fats), phospholipids, and sterols
Incomplete protein proteins that are lacking one or more of the essential amino acids
Glycogen the polysaccharide form in which glucose is stored in the liver
Glucose simple sugar. The only source of energy that brain cells use to function
Triglycerides (Fats) Solid at room temperature. Group of chemical compounds that contain fatty acids, often
in very long strands. Most concentrated source of energy in the diet. Provides much of
the stored energy of the body. Insulate body organs against changes in environmental
temperature. Protect the organs and underlying tissues by acting as a shock absorber.
Water essential component of body structure. Second only to oxygen in importance to body
functioning. Acts as a solvent for minerals and other physiologically important
compounds. In the body, it transports nutrients to and waste products from the cells and
helps regulate body temperature. Comes from fluids and solids in the diet and also is
produced by the metabolic processing of energy nutrients within the tissues
Oils liquid at room temperature.
Vitamins organic compounds required by every part of the body to maintain health and prevent
disease. Classified as either fat-soluble or water-soluble. Do not become part of the
body. Only small amounts are needed, but must be provided by the diet because the
body is not able to synthesize them in the required quantities for proper nourishment and
body function. Foster growth, promote the ability to produce healthy offspring, maintain
health, aid in the normal function of the digestive tract and appetite, and help maintain
immune system functions.
Fat-soluble vitamins found in the fatty parts of food and body tissues. Stored in the body until needed, so it is
not necessary to consume them every day. Transported by lipids through the body; A, D,
E, and K
WELLNESS COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE,
EXAM PREP & PRACTICE QUESTIONS
| GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCESS
UPDATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
100% VERIFIED EXAM PREP
[EXAM• STUDY GUIDE • SUMMARY • ASSIGNMENT]
A clean, organized resource designed for easy revision and reference.
QUICK • CLEAR • PROFESSIONAL
,Nutrition provides the body with the nutrients it needs to perform its daily tasks
Undernutrition implies that the individual is not getting enough nutrients. This can occur even if the
person is consuming more than enough calories
Malnutrition an imbalance of proper nutrients
Anorexia nervosa literally means loss of appetite, but this is a misnomer: A person with this is hungry, but
denies the hunger because of an irrational fear of becoming fat. Self-starvation, food
preoccupation and rituals, compulsive exercising, and often an absence of menstrual
cycles in women.
Untreated, can be fatal.
Bulimia characterized by recurring periods of binge eating, during which large amounts of food
are consumed in a short period of time followed by purging (through self-induced
vomiting, abuse of laxatives and/or diuretics) or periods of fasting
Binge eating disorder (BED) episodes of binge eating characterized by eating rapidly, eating large amounts of food
even when not feeling hungry, and feeling guilty or depressed after overeating.
Obesity 15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor dietary patterns; include increased intake of
sugars in sweetened soft drinks, foods, and meals of high energy, low nutrient density,
and large portion sizes. At risk for serious health problems such as type 2 diabetes,
hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and some types of cancer.
Minerals inorganic material. Form body parts (teeth and bones), maintain acid-base neutrality,
regulate nerve impulses, osmotic pressure, and electrolyte balance
Major minerals needed by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
,Trace minerals required in lesser amounts, and include iron, zinc, selenium, magnesium, copper, iodine,
fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, and manganese
HDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins) protect the body against heart disease. Often called "good" cholesterol.
LDL cholesterol (low density lipoproteins) most cholesterol in the blood is of this type. Often referred to as the bad cholesterol.
high levels in the blood increases the risk of fatty deposits forming in the arteries, which
in turn increases the risk of a heart attack
Lipoproteins large molecules of fat and protein in the bloodstream; how cholesterol is transported
Antioxidants slow the aging process. Reduce cellular damage by binding with free radicals produced
during oxidation reactions
Oxidation reactions the energy-yielding reactions in which either an oxygen atom adds an electron to or a
hydrogen atom removes an electron from a substrate (a group of atoms or molecule)—
the net result is a substrate that has had a partial or complete loss of a negatively charge
particle, an electron. Two partially charged atoms or groups of atoms, one positively
charged and the other negatively charged, now exist
Free radical (Oxidant) any atom or group of atoms that has an unpaired electron. Because electrons typically
function in pairs, these are very prone to binding to other substrates in an effort to regain
this paired status. When this happens in the human body, there is potential for a great
deal of damage.
Carbohydrates produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Found in foods as monosaccharides,
disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Sources include fruits, vegetables, pasta, and rice
which consist of simple sugars and starches
Protein produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Sources include meats and milk. Composed of 8
essential(provided by the diet) and 12 nonessential(synthesized by the body) amino acids.
Perform many functions including building cells and tissues, forming blood and enzymes,
and fighting infection.
means primary, and no organism can live, and almost no biological process can take
place, without it
, Lipids produce 9 calories of energy per gram. Organic compounds that do not readily dissolve
in water; based on their solubility, they are classified into triglycerides (more commonly
known as fats), phospholipids, and sterols
Incomplete protein proteins that are lacking one or more of the essential amino acids
Glycogen the polysaccharide form in which glucose is stored in the liver
Glucose simple sugar. The only source of energy that brain cells use to function
Triglycerides (Fats) Solid at room temperature. Group of chemical compounds that contain fatty acids, often
in very long strands. Most concentrated source of energy in the diet. Provides much of
the stored energy of the body. Insulate body organs against changes in environmental
temperature. Protect the organs and underlying tissues by acting as a shock absorber.
Water essential component of body structure. Second only to oxygen in importance to body
functioning. Acts as a solvent for minerals and other physiologically important
compounds. In the body, it transports nutrients to and waste products from the cells and
helps regulate body temperature. Comes from fluids and solids in the diet and also is
produced by the metabolic processing of energy nutrients within the tissues
Oils liquid at room temperature.
Vitamins organic compounds required by every part of the body to maintain health and prevent
disease. Classified as either fat-soluble or water-soluble. Do not become part of the
body. Only small amounts are needed, but must be provided by the diet because the
body is not able to synthesize them in the required quantities for proper nourishment and
body function. Foster growth, promote the ability to produce healthy offspring, maintain
health, aid in the normal function of the digestive tract and appetite, and help maintain
immune system functions.
Fat-soluble vitamins found in the fatty parts of food and body tissues. Stored in the body until needed, so it is
not necessary to consume them every day. Transported by lipids through the body; A, D,
E, and K
