1
Images are AI-generated and based on typical examination questions.
Resources: DBE NSC NOV 2022 -2025
Important
These study notes are revised and updated annually to align with the CAPS curriculum
and current examination requirements. This document is based on questions from
previous November examination papers.
The Term 1 Study Notes, Term 2/June Examination Study Notes and Term
3/Preliminary Examination Study Notes already cover the core Paper 1 content. To
avoid unnecessary repetition, this booklet focuses on:
• content and questions not previously covered;
• more challenging ways in which familiar content may be assessed;
• the application and interpretation of geographical knowledge; and
• additional exam-style questions, diagrams, maps, graphs and case studies.
Where content has already been explained sufficiently, learners will be directed to the
relevant topic and page in the appropriate earlier study notes.
REMEMBER: These Final Examination Study Notes must be used together with the Term
1 Study Notes, Term 2/June Examination Study Notes and Term 3/Preliminary
Examination Study Notes. This booklet does not replace the earlier notes.
These notes are designed to help learners:
• identify important examination patterns;
• practise more challenging questions;
• apply their knowledge to unfamiliar sources; and
• prepare effectively for the Final Examination.
To ensure that learners use the most relevant and up-to-date content, parents and
learners are encouraged to confirm that they have the latest version. If you are unsure,
please contact:
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 2
Please note that these notes are a structured study aid for examination preparation and
do not replace the prescribed textbook or classroom instruction.
Good luck!
Juffrou Ansie
Contents
Climate and Weather ............................................................................................... 3
Mid-latitude Cyclones ........................................................................................... 3
Tropical Cyclones ................................................................................................. 5
Subtropical Anticyclones and Associated Weather Conditions ................................ 9
Travelling Disturbances ....................................................................................... 10
Valley Climates .................................................................................................. 11
Urban Climates .................................................................................................. 11
Synoptic Weather Maps and Satellite Images........................................................ 12
Geomorphology ..................................................................................................... 12
Drainage Systems in South Africa ........................................................................ 12
Fluvial Processes ................................................................................................ 13
Fluvial Landforms ............................................................................................... 14
River Grading and Base Levels ............................................................................. 14
River Rejuvenation .............................................................................................. 15
River Capture and Stream Piracy .......................................................................... 18
Catchment and River Management ...................................................................... 21
Geographical Skills and Techniques ........................................................................ 23
Mapwork Skills and Calculations ......................................................................... 23
Topographic Maps .............................................................................................. 25
Orthophoto Maps and Aerial Photographs ............................................................ 25
Map Interpretation .............................................................................................. 26
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) .............................................................. 27
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 3
Climate and Weather
Mid-latitude Cyclones
REVISION REFERENCE
The core content and earlier exam-style questions on mid-latitude cyclones have
already been covered. Before completing the additional Final Examination
questions, revise:
• Term 1 Study Notes: pages 3–9
• T2/June Examination Study Notes: pages 5–9
• T3/Preliminary Examination Study Notes: pages 3–6
The questions that follow assess this content in a different or more challenging way.
_____________________________________________________________
Draw and label a cold-front cross-section. DBE NSC NOV P1_2025
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
Images are AI-generated and based on typical examination questions.
Resources: DBE NSC NOV 2022 -2025
Important
These study notes are revised and updated annually to align with the CAPS curriculum
and current examination requirements. This document is based on questions from
previous November examination papers.
The Term 1 Study Notes, Term 2/June Examination Study Notes and Term
3/Preliminary Examination Study Notes already cover the core Paper 1 content. To
avoid unnecessary repetition, this booklet focuses on:
• content and questions not previously covered;
• more challenging ways in which familiar content may be assessed;
• the application and interpretation of geographical knowledge; and
• additional exam-style questions, diagrams, maps, graphs and case studies.
Where content has already been explained sufficiently, learners will be directed to the
relevant topic and page in the appropriate earlier study notes.
REMEMBER: These Final Examination Study Notes must be used together with the Term
1 Study Notes, Term 2/June Examination Study Notes and Term 3/Preliminary
Examination Study Notes. This booklet does not replace the earlier notes.
These notes are designed to help learners:
• identify important examination patterns;
• practise more challenging questions;
• apply their knowledge to unfamiliar sources; and
• prepare effectively for the Final Examination.
To ensure that learners use the most relevant and up-to-date content, parents and
learners are encouraged to confirm that they have the latest version. If you are unsure,
please contact:
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 2
Please note that these notes are a structured study aid for examination preparation and
do not replace the prescribed textbook or classroom instruction.
Good luck!
Juffrou Ansie
Contents
Climate and Weather ............................................................................................... 3
Mid-latitude Cyclones ........................................................................................... 3
Tropical Cyclones ................................................................................................. 5
Subtropical Anticyclones and Associated Weather Conditions ................................ 9
Travelling Disturbances ....................................................................................... 10
Valley Climates .................................................................................................. 11
Urban Climates .................................................................................................. 11
Synoptic Weather Maps and Satellite Images........................................................ 12
Geomorphology ..................................................................................................... 12
Drainage Systems in South Africa ........................................................................ 12
Fluvial Processes ................................................................................................ 13
Fluvial Landforms ............................................................................................... 14
River Grading and Base Levels ............................................................................. 14
River Rejuvenation .............................................................................................. 15
River Capture and Stream Piracy .......................................................................... 18
Catchment and River Management ...................................................................... 21
Geographical Skills and Techniques ........................................................................ 23
Mapwork Skills and Calculations ......................................................................... 23
Topographic Maps .............................................................................................. 25
Orthophoto Maps and Aerial Photographs ............................................................ 25
Map Interpretation .............................................................................................. 26
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) .............................................................. 27
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 3
Climate and Weather
Mid-latitude Cyclones
REVISION REFERENCE
The core content and earlier exam-style questions on mid-latitude cyclones have
already been covered. Before completing the additional Final Examination
questions, revise:
• Term 1 Study Notes: pages 3–9
• T2/June Examination Study Notes: pages 5–9
• T3/Preliminary Examination Study Notes: pages 3–6
The questions that follow assess this content in a different or more challenging way.
_____________________________________________________________
Draw and label a cold-front cross-section. DBE NSC NOV P1_2025
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
