BSC 1011 EXAM 4 VERIFIED STUDY GUIDE
Phylum Annelida (segmented worms) - Answers - -little rings
-vermiform
-metamerism (true segmentation)
-setae (chetae) made of chitin that are attached to parapodia
-cerebral ganglia and ventral nervous cord
-COMPLETE digestive system
-CLOSED circulatory system
-blood with hemoglobin
-pair of metanephridia in each segment
Class Polychaeta - Answers - PHYLUM ANNELIDA
-marine segmented worms
-many chetae
-predators
-well-developed head
-evertable pharynx with jaws
-parapodia (one portion is modified with gills)
-sandworm, fireworm (free living)
-feather duster, christmas tree (tube dwellers)
-asexual: regeneration
-sexual: mostly dioecious, sperm/egg leave through nephridiopores, although some can
brood eggs in burrows or coelom
-epitoky (clone of itself that is released into the water column as egg-filled segments)
Class Oligochaeta (earthworms) - Answers - PHYLUM ANNELIDA
-few setae
-mostly freshwater and moist soil, few marine
-no parapodia
-poorly developed head/sensory structures
-respiration: diffusion through moist skin
-digestion: diet of decomposing organic matter (plants) with crop and gizzard
-asexual: fragmentation and regeneration
-sexual: hermaphrodites with few segments with gonads, simultaneous sperm
exchange, external fertilization, presence of clitellum, eggs released in cocoon,
development is direct with NO larval stage
-clitellum is a bag of mucus, sperm gets delivered here
Class Hirudinea (leeches) - Answers - PHYLUM ANNELIDA
-ectoparasites (blood sucking) or carnivorous
-marine, freshwater, terrestrial
-LACK parapodia, setae, head appendages
-hermaphrodites with gonads in few segments
, -dorsoventrally flattened, suckers on both extremes
-reduced coelom filled with mesenchyme
-OPEN circulatory system
-asexual: none
-sexual: similar to earthworms, direct development with eggs released in cocoon
Phylum Arthropoda - Answers - -degenerate coelom
-tagma (head, thorax, abdomen)
-cephalothorax (fused head + thorax)
-cuticle made of chitin
-exoskeleton
-epidermis
-musculature (flexors/extensors, articulations)
-compound eyes (crude image) or simple eyes (light and shadows)
-biramous (2) vs uniramous (1) appendages
-chelicerae and pedipalps (venom) vs mandibles (crushing)
-antennae
-walking/swimming legs
-gills
-asexual: parthenogenesis
-sexual: mostly dioecious, either external in the water (larva) or internal on land (no
larva)
Arthropoda Respiratory System - Answers - -gills (aquatic)
-tracheae with spiracles (openings to the outside, terrestrial)
-book lungs (extensions of tissues with blood, terrestrial)
Arthropoda Circulatory System - Answers - -open
-heart with ostia and hemocoel
-coelom reduced to gonads and excretory systems
Arthropoda Digestive System - Answers - -complete
-several mouthparts
-ventral nerve cord
Arthropoda Excretory System - Answers - -malphigian tubules (insects)
-green glands (crustaceans)
-coxal glands (chelicerates)
Arthropoda Hormonal Control - Answers - -ecdysone (molt!)
-molt-inhibiting hormone (don't molt!)
Subphylum Trilobitomorpha - Answers - PHYLUM ARTHROPODA
-extinct
-biramous
-one pair of antennae
Phylum Annelida (segmented worms) - Answers - -little rings
-vermiform
-metamerism (true segmentation)
-setae (chetae) made of chitin that are attached to parapodia
-cerebral ganglia and ventral nervous cord
-COMPLETE digestive system
-CLOSED circulatory system
-blood with hemoglobin
-pair of metanephridia in each segment
Class Polychaeta - Answers - PHYLUM ANNELIDA
-marine segmented worms
-many chetae
-predators
-well-developed head
-evertable pharynx with jaws
-parapodia (one portion is modified with gills)
-sandworm, fireworm (free living)
-feather duster, christmas tree (tube dwellers)
-asexual: regeneration
-sexual: mostly dioecious, sperm/egg leave through nephridiopores, although some can
brood eggs in burrows or coelom
-epitoky (clone of itself that is released into the water column as egg-filled segments)
Class Oligochaeta (earthworms) - Answers - PHYLUM ANNELIDA
-few setae
-mostly freshwater and moist soil, few marine
-no parapodia
-poorly developed head/sensory structures
-respiration: diffusion through moist skin
-digestion: diet of decomposing organic matter (plants) with crop and gizzard
-asexual: fragmentation and regeneration
-sexual: hermaphrodites with few segments with gonads, simultaneous sperm
exchange, external fertilization, presence of clitellum, eggs released in cocoon,
development is direct with NO larval stage
-clitellum is a bag of mucus, sperm gets delivered here
Class Hirudinea (leeches) - Answers - PHYLUM ANNELIDA
-ectoparasites (blood sucking) or carnivorous
-marine, freshwater, terrestrial
-LACK parapodia, setae, head appendages
-hermaphrodites with gonads in few segments
, -dorsoventrally flattened, suckers on both extremes
-reduced coelom filled with mesenchyme
-OPEN circulatory system
-asexual: none
-sexual: similar to earthworms, direct development with eggs released in cocoon
Phylum Arthropoda - Answers - -degenerate coelom
-tagma (head, thorax, abdomen)
-cephalothorax (fused head + thorax)
-cuticle made of chitin
-exoskeleton
-epidermis
-musculature (flexors/extensors, articulations)
-compound eyes (crude image) or simple eyes (light and shadows)
-biramous (2) vs uniramous (1) appendages
-chelicerae and pedipalps (venom) vs mandibles (crushing)
-antennae
-walking/swimming legs
-gills
-asexual: parthenogenesis
-sexual: mostly dioecious, either external in the water (larva) or internal on land (no
larva)
Arthropoda Respiratory System - Answers - -gills (aquatic)
-tracheae with spiracles (openings to the outside, terrestrial)
-book lungs (extensions of tissues with blood, terrestrial)
Arthropoda Circulatory System - Answers - -open
-heart with ostia and hemocoel
-coelom reduced to gonads and excretory systems
Arthropoda Digestive System - Answers - -complete
-several mouthparts
-ventral nerve cord
Arthropoda Excretory System - Answers - -malphigian tubules (insects)
-green glands (crustaceans)
-coxal glands (chelicerates)
Arthropoda Hormonal Control - Answers - -ecdysone (molt!)
-molt-inhibiting hormone (don't molt!)
Subphylum Trilobitomorpha - Answers - PHYLUM ARTHROPODA
-extinct
-biramous
-one pair of antennae
