BSC 1011 EXAM 3 VERIFIED STUDY GUIDE
Primary Cell Wall - Answers - flimsy plant wall; cellulose
Plasmodesmata - Answers - openings in plasma membranes for cell communication
Middle Lamella - Answers - thin film between the primary cell walls of adjacent plant
cells
Secondary Cell Wall - Answers - lignin (waterproof) deposited beneath primary cell wall;
die at maturity
Leaf - Answers - -main photosynthetic organ
-cuticle (layer of wax that waterproofs the leaf)
-stomata (openings for gas exchange formed by guard cells)
Structure of Leaf - Answers - -trichomes (simple or glandular; used for defense; aka leaf
hairs)
-flattened blade
-petiole (joins leaf to node of stem)
Leaf Types - Answers - -simple (1 continuous blade)
-compound (pinnate and bipinnate)
Modified Leaves - Answers - -tendrils (vines)
-spines (cactus)
-storage (aloe)
-bracts (the red in poinsettias)
-reproductive
-flowers
Flower Structure - Answers - -sepal (protection for bud)
-petal (colorful)
-stamen (male reproductive parts)
-carpel (female reproductive parts)
Types of Fruit - Answers - -simple
-aggregate (blackberry)
-multiple (pineapple)
Stem - Answers - organ that positions/supports leaf; may become modified and perform
other functions
Axillary Bud - Answers - lateral, potential to form a lateral shoot or branch
, Apical Bud - Answers - terminal, located near shoot tip and causes elongation of a
young shoot, inhibit grown of axillary buds
Node - Answers - petiole meets stem
Root - Answers - organ that anchors vascular plant, absorbs minerals and water, stores
organic nutrients, may become photosynthetic
Modified Roots - Answers - -prop (bamboo)
-storage (sweet potato)
-strangling aerial (grow on top of another plant)
-buttress (grow on side of tree)
-pneumatophores (roots breathe)
Modified Stems - Answers - -runner, run on surface of soil (strawberries)
-rhizome, similar to runner but underground (iris)
-tubers, store sugar (potato)
-bulb, storage underground (onion)
-corm, mushed underground (garlic)
Monocots - Answers - -1 cotyledon
-parallel veins
-scattered vascular tissue
-fibrous roots
-1 opening pollen grain
-multiples of 3 floral
-spongy mesophyll
Dicots - Answers - -2 cotyledons
-netlike veins
-ring vascular tissue
-taproot
-3 opening pollen grain
-multiples of 4 or 5 floral
-spongy and palisade mesophyll
Dermal Tissue - Answers - epidermis in primary growth, cuticle
Vascular Tissue - Answers - carries out long-distance transport of materials between
roots and shoots
Xylem - Answers - vascular tissue that carries water and dissolved minerals upward
from the roots (unidirectional) through adhesion, cohesion, evaporation, and osmosis;
dead at maturity
Primary Cell Wall - Answers - flimsy plant wall; cellulose
Plasmodesmata - Answers - openings in plasma membranes for cell communication
Middle Lamella - Answers - thin film between the primary cell walls of adjacent plant
cells
Secondary Cell Wall - Answers - lignin (waterproof) deposited beneath primary cell wall;
die at maturity
Leaf - Answers - -main photosynthetic organ
-cuticle (layer of wax that waterproofs the leaf)
-stomata (openings for gas exchange formed by guard cells)
Structure of Leaf - Answers - -trichomes (simple or glandular; used for defense; aka leaf
hairs)
-flattened blade
-petiole (joins leaf to node of stem)
Leaf Types - Answers - -simple (1 continuous blade)
-compound (pinnate and bipinnate)
Modified Leaves - Answers - -tendrils (vines)
-spines (cactus)
-storage (aloe)
-bracts (the red in poinsettias)
-reproductive
-flowers
Flower Structure - Answers - -sepal (protection for bud)
-petal (colorful)
-stamen (male reproductive parts)
-carpel (female reproductive parts)
Types of Fruit - Answers - -simple
-aggregate (blackberry)
-multiple (pineapple)
Stem - Answers - organ that positions/supports leaf; may become modified and perform
other functions
Axillary Bud - Answers - lateral, potential to form a lateral shoot or branch
, Apical Bud - Answers - terminal, located near shoot tip and causes elongation of a
young shoot, inhibit grown of axillary buds
Node - Answers - petiole meets stem
Root - Answers - organ that anchors vascular plant, absorbs minerals and water, stores
organic nutrients, may become photosynthetic
Modified Roots - Answers - -prop (bamboo)
-storage (sweet potato)
-strangling aerial (grow on top of another plant)
-buttress (grow on side of tree)
-pneumatophores (roots breathe)
Modified Stems - Answers - -runner, run on surface of soil (strawberries)
-rhizome, similar to runner but underground (iris)
-tubers, store sugar (potato)
-bulb, storage underground (onion)
-corm, mushed underground (garlic)
Monocots - Answers - -1 cotyledon
-parallel veins
-scattered vascular tissue
-fibrous roots
-1 opening pollen grain
-multiples of 3 floral
-spongy mesophyll
Dicots - Answers - -2 cotyledons
-netlike veins
-ring vascular tissue
-taproot
-3 opening pollen grain
-multiples of 4 or 5 floral
-spongy and palisade mesophyll
Dermal Tissue - Answers - epidermis in primary growth, cuticle
Vascular Tissue - Answers - carries out long-distance transport of materials between
roots and shoots
Xylem - Answers - vascular tissue that carries water and dissolved minerals upward
from the roots (unidirectional) through adhesion, cohesion, evaporation, and osmosis;
dead at maturity
