SURGERY EOR UPDATED EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] What is true about It?
Answer: is a syndrome rather than a single diagnosis
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] What is true about Important surgical?
Answer: causes include appendicitis, bowel obstruction, perforated
viscus, acute cholecystitis, pancreatitis, diverticulitis,
incarcerated/strangulated hernia, mesenteric ischemia, and intra-
abdominal hemorrhage
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] What is true about The key initial question?
Answer: is whether the patient has a potentially life-threatening process
or peritonitis requiring immediate source control
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] the anatomy of the region — key point 1/4?
Answer: The acute abdomen can involve any of the abdominal quadrants
and retroperitoneal structures
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] the anatomy of the region — key point 2/4?
Answer: Anatomically, the clinician should relate pain to the underlying
organs and to the peritoneum
,●● [1. Acute Abdomen] What is true about Visceral pain?
Answer: is poorly localized and often midline, whereas irritation of the
parietal peritoneum produces well-localized somatic pain
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] the anatomy of the region — key point 4/4?
Answer: This distinction helps explain why an early intra-abdominal
process may begin with diffuse or periumbilical pain and later localize
as inflammation reaches the parietal peritoneum
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] What is true about Evaluation?
Answer: is guided by the history and examination rather than by
indiscriminate testing
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] What is true about Laboratory studies
commonly?
Answer: include CBC, electrolytes/renal function, liver tests when
hepatobiliary disease is possible, lipase when pancreatitis is possible,
urinalysis, pregnancy testing when applicable, and lactate when
ischemia or severe sepsis is a concern
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] What is true about Imaging?
Answer: is selected according to the suspected diagnosis
,●● [1. Acute Abdomen] the investigative studies used in the workup of
the acute abdomen — key point 4/7?
Answer: Plain radiographs may help identify obstruction or free
intraperitoneal air
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] What is true about Ultrasound?
Answer: is useful for biliary disease, pelvic pathology, and selected
appendicitis evaluations
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] What is true about CT?
Answer: is the major cross-sectional workhorse for many acute
abdominal presentations because it can identify inflammation,
obstruction, perforation, ischemia, abscess, and alternative diagnoses
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] the investigative studies used in the workup of
the acute abdomen — key point 7/7?
Answer: MRI has selected roles, especially when ionizing radiation
should be avoided
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] the role of laparoscopy — key point 1/5?
Answer: Laparoscopy has both diagnostic and therapeutic roles
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] the role of laparoscopy — key point 2/5?
, Answer: When the diagnosis remains uncertain and a surgical process is
strongly suspected, diagnostic laparoscopy can directly visualize the
abdominal cavity
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] What is true about It can also proceed
immediately to treatment when the pathology?
Answer: is amenable to minimally invasive surgery
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] What is true about The advantages?
Answer: include smaller incisions, less postoperative pain, shorter
recovery, and reduced wound morbidity
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] What is true about Limitations?
Answer: include the need for appropriate anesthesia and
pneumoperitoneum, patient factors that make laparoscopy unsafe or
difficult, and situations in which an open operation is required for
exposure or rapid control of hemorrhage
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] Develop a differential diagnosis for a patient
with an acute abdomen — key point 1/7?
Answer: The differential should be organized by organ system and by
whether the process is surgical
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] Develop a differential diagnosis for a patient
with an acute abdomen — key point 2/7?
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] What is true about It?
Answer: is a syndrome rather than a single diagnosis
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] What is true about Important surgical?
Answer: causes include appendicitis, bowel obstruction, perforated
viscus, acute cholecystitis, pancreatitis, diverticulitis,
incarcerated/strangulated hernia, mesenteric ischemia, and intra-
abdominal hemorrhage
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] What is true about The key initial question?
Answer: is whether the patient has a potentially life-threatening process
or peritonitis requiring immediate source control
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] the anatomy of the region — key point 1/4?
Answer: The acute abdomen can involve any of the abdominal quadrants
and retroperitoneal structures
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] the anatomy of the region — key point 2/4?
Answer: Anatomically, the clinician should relate pain to the underlying
organs and to the peritoneum
,●● [1. Acute Abdomen] What is true about Visceral pain?
Answer: is poorly localized and often midline, whereas irritation of the
parietal peritoneum produces well-localized somatic pain
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] the anatomy of the region — key point 4/4?
Answer: This distinction helps explain why an early intra-abdominal
process may begin with diffuse or periumbilical pain and later localize
as inflammation reaches the parietal peritoneum
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] What is true about Evaluation?
Answer: is guided by the history and examination rather than by
indiscriminate testing
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] What is true about Laboratory studies
commonly?
Answer: include CBC, electrolytes/renal function, liver tests when
hepatobiliary disease is possible, lipase when pancreatitis is possible,
urinalysis, pregnancy testing when applicable, and lactate when
ischemia or severe sepsis is a concern
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] What is true about Imaging?
Answer: is selected according to the suspected diagnosis
,●● [1. Acute Abdomen] the investigative studies used in the workup of
the acute abdomen — key point 4/7?
Answer: Plain radiographs may help identify obstruction or free
intraperitoneal air
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] What is true about Ultrasound?
Answer: is useful for biliary disease, pelvic pathology, and selected
appendicitis evaluations
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] What is true about CT?
Answer: is the major cross-sectional workhorse for many acute
abdominal presentations because it can identify inflammation,
obstruction, perforation, ischemia, abscess, and alternative diagnoses
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] the investigative studies used in the workup of
the acute abdomen — key point 7/7?
Answer: MRI has selected roles, especially when ionizing radiation
should be avoided
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] the role of laparoscopy — key point 1/5?
Answer: Laparoscopy has both diagnostic and therapeutic roles
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] the role of laparoscopy — key point 2/5?
, Answer: When the diagnosis remains uncertain and a surgical process is
strongly suspected, diagnostic laparoscopy can directly visualize the
abdominal cavity
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] What is true about It can also proceed
immediately to treatment when the pathology?
Answer: is amenable to minimally invasive surgery
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] What is true about The advantages?
Answer: include smaller incisions, less postoperative pain, shorter
recovery, and reduced wound morbidity
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] What is true about Limitations?
Answer: include the need for appropriate anesthesia and
pneumoperitoneum, patient factors that make laparoscopy unsafe or
difficult, and situations in which an open operation is required for
exposure or rapid control of hemorrhage
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] Develop a differential diagnosis for a patient
with an acute abdomen — key point 1/7?
Answer: The differential should be organized by organ system and by
whether the process is surgical
●● [1. Acute Abdomen] Develop a differential diagnosis for a patient
with an acute abdomen — key point 2/7?
