1
These notes have been compiled using the following articles from: NSS/ DBE NOV 2023, NSS/ SACAI NOV 2024 & NSS/ SACAI NOV 2025.
This information and these answers come from the memoranda (there are more
possible answers). Some information is repeated - I want to show you the different ways
the same information is asked. I encourage you to answer the calculation/illustration
questions.
To make optimal use of this document, you must learn/revise the study notes for Terms
1 and 2 and the Prelim Examination, contact to purchase
the full year package.
Note: Some questions in the exam require you to write your answer in paragraph
format. In these notes, the answers are presented pointwise so that you can learn
and memorize them more easily. Use the points to write a flowing paragraph in the
exam.
Purpose of this document:
• To be your complete revision guide for the 2026 Final Exam.
• To show you which topics have already been covered in Term 1/Term 2 and Term 3
and where you can review them.
• To include new content and case studies from the Final papers 2023/2024/2025
for you.
• To make sure you don't miss any possible exam question.
Good luck: Juffrou Ansie
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 2
Contents
FARM PLANNING ..................................................................................................... 3
Soil Data And Deep Soil ........................................................................................ 3
Precision Farming ................................................................................................. 4
Division Of Grazing Pastures Into Camps ................................................................ 6
Environmentally Friendly Farming .......................................................................... 7
Temperature And Crop Production ......................................................................... 8
FINANCIAL PLANNING, MANAGEMENT & MARKETING ............................................. 10
Classification Of Farm Assets, Expenses And Liabilities ........................................ 10
Feed Control And Feed Losses ............................................................................ 12
Climate Change, Agricultural Risk And Insurance .................................................. 14
Farmers As Entrepreneurs And Business Planning ................................................ 16
Role Of Agricultural Product Organisations ........................................................... 17
Enterprise Specialisation And Choosing A Suitable Farming Branch ....................... 18
Production Costs, Price Determination And Marketing Functions ........................... 19
Interpreting Income And Expenditure ................................................................... 21
Cooperative Marketing ........................................................................................ 23
Management Control .......................................................................................... 23
PRODUCT HARVESTING & PROCESSING ................................................................. 25
Packaging Of Agricultural Products ...................................................................... 25
Food Preservation — Microorganisms, Pasteurisation And Commercial Sterility ..... 26
Delegation And Motivation Of Farm Workers ......................................................... 27
Harvesting Quality, Storage And Drying................................................................. 28
Agritourism ........................................................................................................ 29
Food Legislation ................................................................................................. 31
Processing / Value Adding ................................................................................... 31
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 3
Key Terms
Delegation: Making other people/farm workers co-responsible for the
execution of tasks and for controlling workers and tasks.
Commercial sterility: The degree of sterility where all pathogens, toxin-forming
microorganisms and organisms that could grow and cause
food decay are destroyed.
Asset class: A classification of the types of underlying assets bought in
an investment. Examples: property, shares, stocks or cash.
Specialisation: Deciding on a specific product and focusing only on that
product. Example: yoghurt/cheese making.
Labour productivity: The amount of work done relative to the amount of money
spent on wages and salaries.
Mechanisation: The partial replacement of labour by capital investment,
which leads to a decrease in labour.
Turnover: The total amount of money generated by a farming
enterprise in one season.
Organogram: A structural flow diagram showing the different staff
members and levels of staff in an easy-to-view format.
Export market / Marketing local agricultural produce to markets in other
Exporting: countries, for example countries in Europe and Asia.
FARM PLANNING
Soil Data And Deep Soil
Revision: Prelim Exam notes p.8-13 already cover soil quality, soil properties, soil
surveys, soil maps, soil texture, soil depth and the importance of soil surveys.
_________________________________________________________________________________
SOIL DATA COLLECTED FOR FARM PLANNING @SACAI November 2025
Good farm planning with an organised schedule where all natural resources are
integrated with a well-balanced farming programme, is essential.
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 4
Types of soil data that should be collected:
• Soil series
• Soil type
• Soil texture
• Soil structure
• Degree of erosion
• Degree of slope
• Present soil boundaries
EFFECT OF DEEP SOIL ON PLANT PRODUCTION
@SACAI November 2025
Deep soil:
• Has an improved water-holding capacity.
• Allows better root development.
• Has a higher production potential.
Precision Farming
Revision: Prelim Exam Notes p.16-19 already cover precision farming in considerable
detail, including:
• Economic approach of precision farming
• Variable Rate Technology (VRT)
• GPS
• GIS
• Harvest monitors
• Drones
• Computerised equipment
• Benefits of precision farming
• Inputs that can be varied using VRT
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
These notes have been compiled using the following articles from: NSS/ DBE NOV 2023, NSS/ SACAI NOV 2024 & NSS/ SACAI NOV 2025.
This information and these answers come from the memoranda (there are more
possible answers). Some information is repeated - I want to show you the different ways
the same information is asked. I encourage you to answer the calculation/illustration
questions.
To make optimal use of this document, you must learn/revise the study notes for Terms
1 and 2 and the Prelim Examination, contact to purchase
the full year package.
Note: Some questions in the exam require you to write your answer in paragraph
format. In these notes, the answers are presented pointwise so that you can learn
and memorize them more easily. Use the points to write a flowing paragraph in the
exam.
Purpose of this document:
• To be your complete revision guide for the 2026 Final Exam.
• To show you which topics have already been covered in Term 1/Term 2 and Term 3
and where you can review them.
• To include new content and case studies from the Final papers 2023/2024/2025
for you.
• To make sure you don't miss any possible exam question.
Good luck: Juffrou Ansie
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 2
Contents
FARM PLANNING ..................................................................................................... 3
Soil Data And Deep Soil ........................................................................................ 3
Precision Farming ................................................................................................. 4
Division Of Grazing Pastures Into Camps ................................................................ 6
Environmentally Friendly Farming .......................................................................... 7
Temperature And Crop Production ......................................................................... 8
FINANCIAL PLANNING, MANAGEMENT & MARKETING ............................................. 10
Classification Of Farm Assets, Expenses And Liabilities ........................................ 10
Feed Control And Feed Losses ............................................................................ 12
Climate Change, Agricultural Risk And Insurance .................................................. 14
Farmers As Entrepreneurs And Business Planning ................................................ 16
Role Of Agricultural Product Organisations ........................................................... 17
Enterprise Specialisation And Choosing A Suitable Farming Branch ....................... 18
Production Costs, Price Determination And Marketing Functions ........................... 19
Interpreting Income And Expenditure ................................................................... 21
Cooperative Marketing ........................................................................................ 23
Management Control .......................................................................................... 23
PRODUCT HARVESTING & PROCESSING ................................................................. 25
Packaging Of Agricultural Products ...................................................................... 25
Food Preservation — Microorganisms, Pasteurisation And Commercial Sterility ..... 26
Delegation And Motivation Of Farm Workers ......................................................... 27
Harvesting Quality, Storage And Drying................................................................. 28
Agritourism ........................................................................................................ 29
Food Legislation ................................................................................................. 31
Processing / Value Adding ................................................................................... 31
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 3
Key Terms
Delegation: Making other people/farm workers co-responsible for the
execution of tasks and for controlling workers and tasks.
Commercial sterility: The degree of sterility where all pathogens, toxin-forming
microorganisms and organisms that could grow and cause
food decay are destroyed.
Asset class: A classification of the types of underlying assets bought in
an investment. Examples: property, shares, stocks or cash.
Specialisation: Deciding on a specific product and focusing only on that
product. Example: yoghurt/cheese making.
Labour productivity: The amount of work done relative to the amount of money
spent on wages and salaries.
Mechanisation: The partial replacement of labour by capital investment,
which leads to a decrease in labour.
Turnover: The total amount of money generated by a farming
enterprise in one season.
Organogram: A structural flow diagram showing the different staff
members and levels of staff in an easy-to-view format.
Export market / Marketing local agricultural produce to markets in other
Exporting: countries, for example countries in Europe and Asia.
FARM PLANNING
Soil Data And Deep Soil
Revision: Prelim Exam notes p.8-13 already cover soil quality, soil properties, soil
surveys, soil maps, soil texture, soil depth and the importance of soil surveys.
_________________________________________________________________________________
SOIL DATA COLLECTED FOR FARM PLANNING @SACAI November 2025
Good farm planning with an organised schedule where all natural resources are
integrated with a well-balanced farming programme, is essential.
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 4
Types of soil data that should be collected:
• Soil series
• Soil type
• Soil texture
• Soil structure
• Degree of erosion
• Degree of slope
• Present soil boundaries
EFFECT OF DEEP SOIL ON PLANT PRODUCTION
@SACAI November 2025
Deep soil:
• Has an improved water-holding capacity.
• Allows better root development.
• Has a higher production potential.
Precision Farming
Revision: Prelim Exam Notes p.16-19 already cover precision farming in considerable
detail, including:
• Economic approach of precision farming
• Variable Rate Technology (VRT)
• GPS
• GIS
• Harvest monitors
• Drones
• Computerised equipment
• Benefits of precision farming
• Inputs that can be varied using VRT
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
