UNITEK LVN TERM 1 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE |NEWEST
EXAM PREP WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES | ALREADY GRADED A+|
|BRAND NEW VERSION!!
SECTION 1: FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING & LEGAL/ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
(Questions 1-50)
1. Florence Nightingale is best known for which contribution to nursing?
A) Developing the first nursing licensure examination
B) Establishing the environmental theory of nursing and founding modern nursing
education
C) Creating the first nursing union for workplace rights
D) Inventing the stethoscope for patient assessment
ANSWER: B
EXPLANATION: Florence Nightingale (1820–1910) is the founder of modern
nursing.
She established the environmental theory, emphasizing that clean air, water,
sanitation, light, and noise control promote healing. She founded the first
secular nursing school at St. Thomas' Hospital in London (1860) and used
statistical data to demonstrate the impact of sanitation on mortality rates
during the Crimean War.
2. According to Virginia Henderson's definition, the unique function of the
nurse is to:
A) Administer medications and treatments as ordered by the physician
B) Assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities
contributing to health or its recovery that they would perform unaided if they
had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge
C) Manage the hospital unit and supervise ancillary staff
D) Perform diagnostic procedures and interpret laboratory results
ANSWER: B
EXPLANATION: Virginia Henderson defined nursing as assisting individuals to
1
,perform 14 basic needs (breathing, eating, eliminating, moving, sleeping,
dressing, maintaining body temperature, etc.) that they would do independently
if able. This definition emphasizes the nurse's role in supporting self-care
and promoting independence.
3. Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory identifies three nursing systems.
Which system is used when a patient is completely unable to perform self-care?
A) Supportive-educative system
B) Partly compensatory system
C) Wholly compensatory system
D) Collaborative care system
ANSWER: C
EXPLANATION: Orem's three nursing systems are: wholly compensatory (nurse
provides all care — patient is unconscious, paralyzed, or severely debilitated);
partly compensatory (nurse and patient share care responsibilities); and
supportive-educative (patient performs self-care with nursing support and
education).
4. The nursing process is a systematic method for delivering patient care. Which
is the correct sequence?
A) Planning, Implementation, Assessment, Diagnosis, Evaluation
B) Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
C) Diagnosis, Assessment, Planning, Evaluation, Implementation
D) Implementation, Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Evaluation
ANSWER: B
EXPLANATION: The nursing process follows the ADPIE sequence: Assessment
(collect
data), Diagnosis (identify problems), Planning (set goals and outcomes),
Implementation (perform nursing actions), Evaluation (determine if goals were
met). Assessment is always first. Evaluation is always last.
2
,5. Maslow's hierarchy of needs places which need at the foundational level?
A) Self-esteem
B) Safety and security
C) Love and belonging
D) Physiological needs
ANSWER: D
EXPLANATION: Maslow's hierarchy is structured as a pyramid: physiological needs
(oxygen, water, food, shelter, sleep, elimination) form the foundation and must
be met before higher-level needs can be addressed.
6. A 78-year-old patient with diabetes is admitted for wound care. During
assessment, the LVN notes the patient is anxious, has uncontrolled pain, and has
not eaten in 12 hours. Using Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which need should the
LVN address FIRST?
A) Pain control, because psychosocial needs take priority over physiological needs
B) Nutrition, because the patient has not eaten and diabetes requires glucose
management
C) Wound care, because the admitting diagnosis is the primary focus of nursing
care
D) Pain control, because uncontrolled pain is a physiological need that must be
addressed before higher-level needs
ANSWER: D
EXPLANATION: Maslow's hierarchy prioritizes physiological needs (pain, oxygen,
nutrition, elimination) before safety, love/belonging, esteem, or
self-actualization. Uncontrolled pain is an immediate physiological threat that
must be addressed first. Pain is not a psychosocial need—it is a physiological
stressor that affects vital signs, healing, and coping capacity.
7. An LVN is caring for a patient who refuses a scheduled blood transfusion
based on religious beliefs. The patient's family insists the transfusion must be
given to save the patient's life. What is the LVN's MOST appropriate action?
3
, A) Follow the family's wishes because they are the next of kin and have legal
authority
B) Administer the transfusion as ordered because it is a life-saving medical
necessity
C) Notify the RN and provider immediately, document the refusal, and respect the
patient's autonomous right to refuse treatment
D) Ask the charge nurse to convince the patient to accept the transfusion for
the family's sake
ANSWER: C
EXPLANATION: Patient autonomy is a fundamental ethical principle. A competent
adult has the legal right to refuse treatment, even if the refusal may result
in death. The LVN must report the refusal to the RN and provider, document
thoroughly, and ensure the patient's decision is respected. The family cannot
override a competent patient's wishes.
8. During a simulation lab at Unitek College, an LVN student is practicing
therapeutic communication with a standardized patient who just received a
terminal cancer diagnosis. The patient states, "I don't know how my children
will manage without me." Which response demonstrates the BEST therapeutic
communication technique?
A) "Don't worry, your children are resilient and will be fine."
B) "You sound concerned about how your children will cope after you're gone.
Tell me more about that."
C) "Let's focus on your treatment plan instead of worrying about the future."
D) "Many patients feel this way, but you need to stay positive for your family."
ANSWER: B
EXPLANATION: Therapeutic communication requires empathy, active listening,
and
open-ended questioning. Option B uses reflection (repeating the patient's
concern) and an open-ended invitation to explore feelings, which validates the
patient's emotions without false reassurance, changing the subject, or offering
platitudes.
4
EXAM PREP WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES | ALREADY GRADED A+|
|BRAND NEW VERSION!!
SECTION 1: FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING & LEGAL/ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
(Questions 1-50)
1. Florence Nightingale is best known for which contribution to nursing?
A) Developing the first nursing licensure examination
B) Establishing the environmental theory of nursing and founding modern nursing
education
C) Creating the first nursing union for workplace rights
D) Inventing the stethoscope for patient assessment
ANSWER: B
EXPLANATION: Florence Nightingale (1820–1910) is the founder of modern
nursing.
She established the environmental theory, emphasizing that clean air, water,
sanitation, light, and noise control promote healing. She founded the first
secular nursing school at St. Thomas' Hospital in London (1860) and used
statistical data to demonstrate the impact of sanitation on mortality rates
during the Crimean War.
2. According to Virginia Henderson's definition, the unique function of the
nurse is to:
A) Administer medications and treatments as ordered by the physician
B) Assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities
contributing to health or its recovery that they would perform unaided if they
had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge
C) Manage the hospital unit and supervise ancillary staff
D) Perform diagnostic procedures and interpret laboratory results
ANSWER: B
EXPLANATION: Virginia Henderson defined nursing as assisting individuals to
1
,perform 14 basic needs (breathing, eating, eliminating, moving, sleeping,
dressing, maintaining body temperature, etc.) that they would do independently
if able. This definition emphasizes the nurse's role in supporting self-care
and promoting independence.
3. Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory identifies three nursing systems.
Which system is used when a patient is completely unable to perform self-care?
A) Supportive-educative system
B) Partly compensatory system
C) Wholly compensatory system
D) Collaborative care system
ANSWER: C
EXPLANATION: Orem's three nursing systems are: wholly compensatory (nurse
provides all care — patient is unconscious, paralyzed, or severely debilitated);
partly compensatory (nurse and patient share care responsibilities); and
supportive-educative (patient performs self-care with nursing support and
education).
4. The nursing process is a systematic method for delivering patient care. Which
is the correct sequence?
A) Planning, Implementation, Assessment, Diagnosis, Evaluation
B) Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
C) Diagnosis, Assessment, Planning, Evaluation, Implementation
D) Implementation, Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Evaluation
ANSWER: B
EXPLANATION: The nursing process follows the ADPIE sequence: Assessment
(collect
data), Diagnosis (identify problems), Planning (set goals and outcomes),
Implementation (perform nursing actions), Evaluation (determine if goals were
met). Assessment is always first. Evaluation is always last.
2
,5. Maslow's hierarchy of needs places which need at the foundational level?
A) Self-esteem
B) Safety and security
C) Love and belonging
D) Physiological needs
ANSWER: D
EXPLANATION: Maslow's hierarchy is structured as a pyramid: physiological needs
(oxygen, water, food, shelter, sleep, elimination) form the foundation and must
be met before higher-level needs can be addressed.
6. A 78-year-old patient with diabetes is admitted for wound care. During
assessment, the LVN notes the patient is anxious, has uncontrolled pain, and has
not eaten in 12 hours. Using Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which need should the
LVN address FIRST?
A) Pain control, because psychosocial needs take priority over physiological needs
B) Nutrition, because the patient has not eaten and diabetes requires glucose
management
C) Wound care, because the admitting diagnosis is the primary focus of nursing
care
D) Pain control, because uncontrolled pain is a physiological need that must be
addressed before higher-level needs
ANSWER: D
EXPLANATION: Maslow's hierarchy prioritizes physiological needs (pain, oxygen,
nutrition, elimination) before safety, love/belonging, esteem, or
self-actualization. Uncontrolled pain is an immediate physiological threat that
must be addressed first. Pain is not a psychosocial need—it is a physiological
stressor that affects vital signs, healing, and coping capacity.
7. An LVN is caring for a patient who refuses a scheduled blood transfusion
based on religious beliefs. The patient's family insists the transfusion must be
given to save the patient's life. What is the LVN's MOST appropriate action?
3
, A) Follow the family's wishes because they are the next of kin and have legal
authority
B) Administer the transfusion as ordered because it is a life-saving medical
necessity
C) Notify the RN and provider immediately, document the refusal, and respect the
patient's autonomous right to refuse treatment
D) Ask the charge nurse to convince the patient to accept the transfusion for
the family's sake
ANSWER: C
EXPLANATION: Patient autonomy is a fundamental ethical principle. A competent
adult has the legal right to refuse treatment, even if the refusal may result
in death. The LVN must report the refusal to the RN and provider, document
thoroughly, and ensure the patient's decision is respected. The family cannot
override a competent patient's wishes.
8. During a simulation lab at Unitek College, an LVN student is practicing
therapeutic communication with a standardized patient who just received a
terminal cancer diagnosis. The patient states, "I don't know how my children
will manage without me." Which response demonstrates the BEST therapeutic
communication technique?
A) "Don't worry, your children are resilient and will be fine."
B) "You sound concerned about how your children will cope after you're gone.
Tell me more about that."
C) "Let's focus on your treatment plan instead of worrying about the future."
D) "Many patients feel this way, but you need to stay positive for your family."
ANSWER: B
EXPLANATION: Therapeutic communication requires empathy, active listening,
and
open-ended questioning. Option B uses reflection (repeating the patient's
concern) and an open-ended invitation to explore feelings, which validates the
patient's emotions without false reassurance, changing the subject, or offering
platitudes.
4
