, Question 1
A developer needs to enforce that an Opportunity cannot be closed as 'Closed
Won' unless its related Account has a non-null 'Tier' field. Which declarative
feature should be used?
A. Validation Rule with a cross-object formula referencing
Account.Tier__c
B. Flow Builder with a record-triggered flow on Opportunity
C. Apex Trigger with a before update context
D. Duplicate Rule with a matching rule on Account Tier
Correct Answer: A - Validation Rule with a cross-object formula
referencing Account.Tier__c
RATIONALE
Validation rules can reference parent object fields via cross-object
formulas, enforcing data integrity declaratively without code. Flow
Builder could enforce this but is more complex and not the primary
declarative tool for field-level validation. Apex Trigger is code-based,
and Duplicate Rules address duplicate records, not field dependencies.
Question 2
A sales manager wants to ensure that when a Lead is converted, the resulting
Opportunity inherits the Lead's 'Lead Source' value, but only if the Lead
Source is not 'Web'. Which tool should be used?
A. Lead Conversion Field Mapping with a formula field on Opportunity
B. Apex Trigger on Lead before insert
C. Process Builder on Lead after update
D. Validation Rule on Opportunity
Correct Answer: A - Lead Conversion Field Mapping with a
formula field on Opportunity
Page 2
, RATIONALE
Lead conversion field mapping allows mapping Lead fields to
Opportunity fields, and a formula field can conditionally set the value
based on Lead Source. Apex Trigger is unnecessary and more
complex. Process Builder is deprecated and not suitable for conversion
mapping. Validation rules enforce data entry, not inheritance.
Question 3
Which statement accurately differentiates a Profile from a Permission Set in
Salesforce's security model?
A. A Profile can grant access to multiple objects, while a Permission Set
can only grant access to one object.
B. A Profile is required for every user, while a Permission Set is optional
and can be assigned to multiple users.
C. A Profile can be assigned to multiple users, while a Permission Set is
assigned to only one user.
D. A Profile controls field-level security, while a Permission Set controls
object-level security only.
Correct Answer: B - A Profile is required for every user, while a
Permission Set is optional and can be assigned to multiple users.
RATIONALE
Every user must have exactly one Profile, which sets baseline
permissions, while Permission Sets are optional and can be assigned to
many users to grant additional access. Profiles and Permission Sets
both can control object and field-level security. The other options
misstate cardinality or scope.
Question 4
A developer writes a SOQL query inside a loop in an Apex trigger. Which
governor limit is most likely to be exceeded?
A. Number of SOQL queries (100)
Page 3
, B. Number of DML statements (150)
C. CPU time limit (10,000 ms)
D. Heap size limit (6 MB)
Correct Answer: A - Number of SOQL queries (100)
RATIONALE
SOQL queries inside loops can quickly exceed the 100-query limit per
transaction. DML statements are limited to 150 but are not directly
caused by SOQL. CPU time and heap size are less immediate
concerns unless the loop is massive. Best practice is to bulkify by
moving SOQL outside loops.
Question 5
Which Salesforce feature allows a user to see a record they do not own, based
on their role in the hierarchy, without explicit sharing?
A. Organization-Wide Defaults
B. Role Hierarchy
C. Sharing Rules
D. Manual Sharing
Correct Answer: B - Role Hierarchy
RATIONALE
The Role Hierarchy automatically grants access to records owned by
users below them in the hierarchy, assuming OWD is Private or Public
Read Only. OWD sets the baseline, Sharing Rules extend access to
groups/roles, and Manual Sharing is per-record. Role Hierarchy is the
built-in vertical access mechanism.
Question 6
A company wants to automatically assign a new Case to a specific queue based
on the Case's Origin and Priority. Which two features should be combined?
A. Assignment Rules and Queues
Page 4
A developer needs to enforce that an Opportunity cannot be closed as 'Closed
Won' unless its related Account has a non-null 'Tier' field. Which declarative
feature should be used?
A. Validation Rule with a cross-object formula referencing
Account.Tier__c
B. Flow Builder with a record-triggered flow on Opportunity
C. Apex Trigger with a before update context
D. Duplicate Rule with a matching rule on Account Tier
Correct Answer: A - Validation Rule with a cross-object formula
referencing Account.Tier__c
RATIONALE
Validation rules can reference parent object fields via cross-object
formulas, enforcing data integrity declaratively without code. Flow
Builder could enforce this but is more complex and not the primary
declarative tool for field-level validation. Apex Trigger is code-based,
and Duplicate Rules address duplicate records, not field dependencies.
Question 2
A sales manager wants to ensure that when a Lead is converted, the resulting
Opportunity inherits the Lead's 'Lead Source' value, but only if the Lead
Source is not 'Web'. Which tool should be used?
A. Lead Conversion Field Mapping with a formula field on Opportunity
B. Apex Trigger on Lead before insert
C. Process Builder on Lead after update
D. Validation Rule on Opportunity
Correct Answer: A - Lead Conversion Field Mapping with a
formula field on Opportunity
Page 2
, RATIONALE
Lead conversion field mapping allows mapping Lead fields to
Opportunity fields, and a formula field can conditionally set the value
based on Lead Source. Apex Trigger is unnecessary and more
complex. Process Builder is deprecated and not suitable for conversion
mapping. Validation rules enforce data entry, not inheritance.
Question 3
Which statement accurately differentiates a Profile from a Permission Set in
Salesforce's security model?
A. A Profile can grant access to multiple objects, while a Permission Set
can only grant access to one object.
B. A Profile is required for every user, while a Permission Set is optional
and can be assigned to multiple users.
C. A Profile can be assigned to multiple users, while a Permission Set is
assigned to only one user.
D. A Profile controls field-level security, while a Permission Set controls
object-level security only.
Correct Answer: B - A Profile is required for every user, while a
Permission Set is optional and can be assigned to multiple users.
RATIONALE
Every user must have exactly one Profile, which sets baseline
permissions, while Permission Sets are optional and can be assigned to
many users to grant additional access. Profiles and Permission Sets
both can control object and field-level security. The other options
misstate cardinality or scope.
Question 4
A developer writes a SOQL query inside a loop in an Apex trigger. Which
governor limit is most likely to be exceeded?
A. Number of SOQL queries (100)
Page 3
, B. Number of DML statements (150)
C. CPU time limit (10,000 ms)
D. Heap size limit (6 MB)
Correct Answer: A - Number of SOQL queries (100)
RATIONALE
SOQL queries inside loops can quickly exceed the 100-query limit per
transaction. DML statements are limited to 150 but are not directly
caused by SOQL. CPU time and heap size are less immediate
concerns unless the loop is massive. Best practice is to bulkify by
moving SOQL outside loops.
Question 5
Which Salesforce feature allows a user to see a record they do not own, based
on their role in the hierarchy, without explicit sharing?
A. Organization-Wide Defaults
B. Role Hierarchy
C. Sharing Rules
D. Manual Sharing
Correct Answer: B - Role Hierarchy
RATIONALE
The Role Hierarchy automatically grants access to records owned by
users below them in the hierarchy, assuming OWD is Private or Public
Read Only. OWD sets the baseline, Sharing Rules extend access to
groups/roles, and Manual Sharing is per-record. Role Hierarchy is the
built-in vertical access mechanism.
Question 6
A company wants to automatically assign a new Case to a specific queue based
on the Case's Origin and Priority. Which two features should be combined?
A. Assignment Rules and Queues
Page 4
